Ionic liquids: Innovative fluids for chemical processing
Ionic liquids: Innovative fluids for chemical processing
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DOI：
10.1002/aic.690471102
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发表时间：
2001-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Maginn, EJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brennecke, JF;Maginn, EJ
当化学工程专业在上个世纪初发展起来时，基本上所有可用于控制反应、进行分离和处理材料的溶剂都是已知的，并且在很大程度上被表征。当面对需要溶剂的单元操作时，我们转向常见的液体，如甲苯，苯，二氯甲烷，乙腈，甲醇，乙醇和水。尽管它们的极性和氢键能力范围很广，但这些常见的溶剂在一个方面非常相似：它们都具有相对较窄的液相线区域，范围从75到200摄氏度。(The液相线区域定义为正常凝固点和沸点之间的温度范围。因此，水具有100 ° C的液相线范围。）由于我们经常喜欢与液体打交道，因此大多数工艺都是在相对较小的温度范围所施加的限制下发展的。我们利用自己的创造力和化学工程工具在这些限制下工作，制造出的产品极大地改善了我们星球上的生活质量。然而，这些好处是有代价的。普通溶剂的窄液相线范围意味着它们在工艺条件下都是相对挥发性的。尽管我们尽了最大的努力和技术，包括由AIChE的废物减少技术中心（http：//www.哎。org/cwrt/index.据估计，由于工业加工作业，每年有2000万吨挥发性有机化合物排放到大气中（艾伦和Shonnard，2002年）。
When the chemical engineering profession developed near the beginning of the last century, essentially all of the solvents available for controlling reactions, performing separations, and processing materials were already known and, to a large extent, characterized. When faced with a unit operation that called for a solvent, we turned to common liquids such as toluene, benzene, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, and water. Despite their wide range of polarity and hydrogen-bonding ability, these common solvents are remarkably similar in one respect: they all have a relatively narrow liquidus region, ranging from 75 to perhaps 200 deg C.(The liquidus region is defined as the range of temperatures between the normal freezing point and boiling point. Thus, water has a 100 deg C liquidus range.) Because we frequently like to work with liquids, most processes have evolved under the constraints imposed by this relatively small range of temperatures.We have used our ingenuity and the tools of chemical engineering to work within these constraints, making products that have immeasurably improved the quality of life on our planet. The benefits, however, have come with a cost. The narrow liquidus range of common solvents means that they are all relatively volatile at process conditions. Despite our best efforts and technology, including pioneering work led by AIChE's Center for Waste Reduction Technologies (http://www. aiche. org/cwrt/index. htm), an estimated 20 million ton of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is discharged into the atmosphere each year as a result of industrial processing operations (Allen and Shonnard, 2002).