Competitive interactions moderate the effects of elevated temperature and atmospheric CO2 on the health and functioning of oysters
Competitive interactions moderate the effects of elevated temperature and atmospheric CO2 on the health and functioning of oysters
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DOI：
10.3354/meps12344
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发表时间：
2017-11
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
D. Green;H. Christie;Nicola J. Pratt;B. Boots;J. Godbold;M. Solan;C. Hauton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Green;H. Christie;Nicola J. Pratt;B. Boots;J. Godbold;M. Solan;C. Hauton
全球海洋温度和大气二氧化碳浓度的上升可能会影响钙化贝类的健康。然而，关于物种内部和物种之间的竞争性相互作用如何影响物种对多种应激源的反应，人们知之甚少。我们通过实验评估了温度(12或16℃)和大气二氧化碳浓度(400和1000ppm)对单独饲养的本地牡蛎(Ostrea Edulis)和入侵牡蛎(Crassostrea Gigas)以及种内或种间混合养殖的牡蛎的健康和生物学功能的单独和联合影响。我们发现了二氧化碳升高时吞噬功能降低的证据，当结合温度升高时，循环中的血细胞数量减少。一般情况下，在种内或种间混合环境中，巨藻的呼吸速率要低于蓝藻。相反，当被保存在种间混合物中时，美味稻草的呼吸速率比长柄牡蛎高，而当被保存在种内或种间混合物中时，它的清除率较低。总体而言，巨藻的清扫率始终高于美洲豹。总而言之，我们的发现表明，一个物种适应环境条件的新陈代谢过程的能力可以被生物环境改变，并可能使一些物种(这里是大银鱼)在竞争中更具优势，更不容易受到未来局部规模气候情景的影响。如果这些结论是通用的，物种相互作用和其他生物参数在改变气候变化结果方面的相对作用将需要更多的研究重点。
Global increases in sea temperatures and atmospheric concentrations of CO2 may affect the health of calcifying shellfish. Little is known, however, about how competitive inter actions within and between species may influence how species respond to multiple stressors. We experimentally assessed separate and combined effects of temperature (12 or 16°C) and atmospheric CO2 concentrations (400 and 1000 ppm) on the health and biological functioning of native (Ostrea edulis) and invasive (Crassostrea gigas) oysters held alone and in intraspecific or inter specific mixtures. We found evidence of reduced phagocytosis under elevated CO2 and, when combined with increased temperature, a reduction in the number of circulating haemocytes. Generally, C. gigas showed lower respiration rates relative to O. edulis when the species were in intraspecific or interspecific mixtures. In contrast, O. edulis showed a higher respiration rate relative to C. gigas when held in an interspecific mixture and exhibited lower clearance rates when held in intraspecific or interspecific mixtures. Overall, clearance rates of C. gigas were consistently greater than those of O. edulis. Collectively, our findings indicate that a species’ ability to adapt metabolic processes to environmental conditions can be modified by biotic context and may make some species (here, C. gigas) competitively superior and less vulnerable to future climatic scenarios at local scales. If these conclusions are generic, the relative role of species interactions, and other biotic parameters, in altering the outcomes of climate change will require much greater research emphasis.