Evidences for replacing legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with emerging ones in Fen and Wei River basins in central and western China
Evidences for replacing legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with emerging ones in Fen and Wei River basins in central and western China
复制标题
中国中西部汾河流域和渭河流域用新兴物质替代传统全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质的证据
DOI：
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.050
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Zhu Lingyan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhou Jian;Li Zhi;Guo Xuetao;Li Yao;Wu Zihao;Zhu Lingyan
传统的全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)，主要是长链物质，正被短链同系物和新的氟化替代品所取代，但它们的存在、空间分布、来源和取代特性尚不清楚。首次对中国中西部欠发达生态脆弱区汾河、渭河两条主要河流地表水中残留和新型氟替代品的赋存和更替趋势进行了研究。结果表明，这两个流域遗留和新兴的PFASs污染普遍，主要由工业活动引起。在这两条河流中，全氟辛烷磺酸(PFHxS)作为全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)的替代品在城市地区占主导地位。汾河全氟辛烷基磺酸盐(6：2 FTS)和6：2氯化聚氟醚磺酸盐(6：2 Cl-PFESA)等全氟辛烷基磺酸的替代物较多，而渭河的全氟辛烷基羧酸(C4-C7)和4，8-二氧杂-3，4-氟酮酸铵(ADONA)对全氟辛烷磺酸的替代作用较大。此外，高级氧化实验表明，渭河水中存在未知的全氟羧酸前体。异构体分析表明，两条河流的全氟辛烷磺酸都有与调聚有关的来源贡献，而全氟辛烷磺酸主要来自ECF。渭河和汾河向黄河排放的PFASs总量估计分别为239和62.6 kg/年。
Legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), mainly long-chain ones, are being substituted by short-chain homologues and novel fluorinated alternatives, whereas their occurrence, spatial distribution, sources and substitution characteristics are not well understood. For the first time, the occurrence and replacing trend of the legacy and novel fluorinated alternatives were examined in the surface water from Fen and Wei rivers, which are the two major rivers located in the underdeveloped and ecology vulnerable areas of central and western China. Results showed that the contamination of legacy and emerging PFASs in both river basins was widespread, and mainly caused by industrial activities. In both rivers, perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), as a substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), was predominant in the urban areas. In the Fen River, more substitutes of PFOS, such as 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS) and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA), were distinct, while significant replacing for PFOA with short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (C4-C7) and Ammonium salt of 4,8-dioxa-3H-per-fluorononanoate (ADONA) was observed in Wei River. Besides, advanced oxidation experiment indicated that there were unknown PFASs which could be the precursors of perfluorocarboxylic acids in Wei River. Isomeric analyses indicated that there was contribution of telomerization related sources for PFOA in both rivers, whereas PFOS was mainly from ECF. The estimated total mass discharge of PFASs derived from Wei and Fen River to the Yellow river were 239 and 62.6 kg/year, respectively.