Adaptive body patterning, three-dimensional skin morphology and camouflage measures of the slender filefish Monacanthus tuckeri on a Caribbean coral reef
Adaptive body patterning, three-dimensional skin morphology and camouflage measures of the slender filefish Monacanthus tuckeri on a Caribbean coral reef
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DOI：
10.1111/bij.12598
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发表时间：
2015-10-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Hanlon, Roger T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allen, Justine J.;Akkaynak, Derya;Hanlon, Roger T.
细长的马面鱼是适应性伪装的大师，可以在1- 3秒内改变外观。这种动物神秘的身体模式和行为的视频和照片是在加勒比海珊瑚礁的自然光下原位收集的。我们提出了一个行为图的身体图案的组成部分，包括大规模和小规模的斑点，条纹和酒吧，赋予各种神秘的模式中的一系列复杂的背景。现场图像进行了分析，以调查两个方面的伪装效果：（1）的程度之间的颜色相似的动物和他们附近的视觉刺激;（2）的可见性，每一条鱼的实际身体轮廓与其虚幻的轮廓。大多数动物更接近匹配附近的视觉刺激的颜色比周围的背景。三维真皮皮瓣补充黑色素细胞皮肤图案，通过提高鱼的物理皮肤纹理的复杂性，以掩盖其实际的身体形状，这些结构的形态进行了研究。结果表明，身体模式，皮肤纹理，姿势和游泳方向puperly阻碍了潜在的视觉捕食者的检测和识别的鱼。总的来说，多种图案的快速变化，与附近背景的颜色混合，以及真皮皮瓣产生的物理复杂边缘，有效地将这种动物伪装在加勒比海的软珊瑚和大型藻类中。
The slender filefish is a master of adaptive camouflage and can change its appearance within 1-3s. Videos and photographs of this animal's cryptic body patterning and behavior were collected insitu under natural light on a Caribbean coral reef. We present an ethogram of body patterning components that includes large- and small-scale spots, stripes and bars that confer a variety of cryptic patterns amidst a range of complex backgrounds. Field images were analyzed to investigate two aspects of camouflage effectiveness: (1) the degree of colour resemblance between animals and their nearby visual stimuli; and (2) the visibility of each fish's actual body outline vs. its illusory outline. Most animals more closely matched the colour of nearby visual stimuli than that of the surrounding background. Three-dimensional dermal flaps complement the melanophore skin patterns by enhancing the complexity of the fish's physical skin texture to disguise its actual body shape, and the morphology of these structures was studied. The results suggest that the body patterns, skin texture, postures and swimming orientations putatively hinder both the detection and recognition of the fish by potential visual predators. Overall, the rapid speed of change of multiple patterns, colour blending with nearby backgrounds, and the physically complicated edge produced by dermal flaps effectively camouflage this animal among soft corals and macroalgae in the Caribbean Sea.