Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Melon by Grafting
Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Melon by Grafting
复制标题
DOI：
10.21273/hortsci.45.4.559
复制
发表时间：
2010-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Rouphael, Youssef
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Colla, Giuseppe;Suarez, Carolina Maria Cardona;Rouphael, Youssef
确定能够提高接穗氮利用率（NUE）的砧木可以减少氮肥和硝酸盐淋失;然而，在田间条件下筛选不同的嫁接组合可能是昂贵和耗时的。本研究评价了一种快速、经济的甜瓜砧木氮素利用效率筛选方法。设计了两个实验。第一种是甜瓜（Cucumis melt，L. CV. Proteo）未嫁接或嫁接到四种商业砧木上：“Dinero”和“Jador”（Cucumis梅洛L.），在水培条件下，比较了“P360”和“PS1313”（南瓜×南瓜）在不同硝酸盐浓度（0.5、2.5、5、10或15 mM NO3-）条件下的地上部干生物量、叶面积、根冠比、SPAD指数、地上部N吸收量和硝酸还原酶（NR）活性。第二个实验旨在确认使用具有高NUE的所选砧木（“P360”）是否可以在田间条件下改善嫁接甜瓜植物的作物性能和NUE。在第一个实验中，在温室条件下进行，嫁接到'Dinero'、'Jador'和'P360'砧木上的甜瓜植物分别需要5.7、5.2和6.1 mM的NO3-来达到最大茎干重的一半，而嫁接到'PS1313'砧木和对照处理上的植物（未嫁接植物）分别需要9.1和13.1 mM的NO3-。总叶面积、SPAD指数和地上部吸氮量随营养液中氮浓度的增加呈线性和二次曲线增加。在NO3-浓度为2.5 mM时，嫁接在C梅洛和Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata砧木上的甜瓜植株NR活性最高，而在10 mM时没有观察到显著差异。在第二个试验中，在露地条件下进行，将施氮量从0增加到120 kg.ha（-1）增加了甜瓜植株的总产量和商品产量，而NUE下降。当平均超过N水平，商品产量，NUE，和N吸收效率分别高9%，11.8%和16.3%，在'Proteo'嫁接到'P360'比未嫁接的'Proteo'植物。
Identification of rootstocks capable of improving the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of the scion could reduce N fertilization and nitrate leaching; however, screening different graft combinations under field conditions can be costly and time-consuming. This study evaluated a rapid and economical methodology for screening of melon rootstocks for NUE. Two experiments were designed. In the first, melon plants (Cucumis melt, L. CV. Proteo) either ungrafted or grafted onto four commercial rootstocks: 'Dinero' and 'Jador' (Cucumis melo L.), 'P360', and 'PS1313' (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne x Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) grown in hydroponics were compared in terms of shoot dry biomass, leaf area, root-to-shoot ratio, SPAD index, shoot N uptake, and nitrate reductase (NR) activity at the early developmental stage in response to nitrate availability (0.5, 2.5, 5, 10, or 15 mM of NO3-). The second experiment was aimed to confirm whether the use of a selected rootstock with high NUE ('P360') could improve crop performance and NUE of grafted melon plants under field conditions. In the first experiment, carried out under greenhouse conditions, melon plants grafted onto 'Dinero', 'Jador', and 'P360' rootstocks needed 5.7, 5.2, and 6.1 mM of NO3-, respectively, to reach half-maximum shoot dry weight, whereas plants grafted onto 'PS1313' rootstock and the control treatment (ungrafted plants) needed 9.1 and 13.1 mM of NO3-, respectively. Total leaf area, SPAD index, and shoot N uptake increased linearly and quadratically in response to an increase of the N concentration in the nutrient solution. At 2.5 mM of NO3-, melon plants grafted onto both C melo and Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata rootstocks had the highest NR activity, whereas no significant difference was observed at 10 mM of NO3-. In the second experiment, carried out under open field conditions, increasing the N fertilization rates from 0 to 120 kg.ha(-1) increased the total and marketable yields of melon plants, whereas the NUE decreased. When averaged over N levels, the marketable yield, NUE, and N uptake efficiency were higher by 9%, 11.8%, and 16.3%, respectively, in 'Proteo' grafted onto 'P360' than in ungrafted 'Proteo' plants.