Conflicts between Amur (Siberian) tigers and humans in the Russian Far East
Conflicts between Amur (Siberian) tigers and humans in the Russian Far East
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2010.10.016
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Bereznuk, Sergei L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goodrich, John M.;Seryodkin, Ivan;Bereznuk, Sergei L.
1999年，俄罗斯联邦成立了老虎反应小组（TRT）来调查和干预人虎冲突。我们检查了从 2000 年 1 月到 2009 年 2 月收集的人与东北虎 (Panthera tigris altaica) 冲突的数据，目的是：(1) 总结和描述该地区的人与虎冲突，(2) 研究人与虎冲突的原因，以及 (3) 尝试评估 TRT 的有效性。该团队调查了 202 起冲突。对人类的攻击和掠夺在冬季最为严重（分别为 X-2 = 9，df = 3，P = 0.03 和 X-2 = 64，df = 3，P < 0.001）。老虎掠夺家畜是最常见的冲突类型 (57%)，其次是老虎靠近人类居住地 (22%)、其他冲突 (12%) 和袭击人类 (9%)。狗被杀的情况比其他家畜更常见（254 只动物中的 63%），可能是因为牲畜管理良好。据记录，共有 19 起针对人类的袭击事件，造成 11 人受伤、2 人死亡。每年有近 4 只老虎（n = 32 只老虎）死亡、被杀死或从野外移走，TRT 杀死或从野外移走的 20 只老虎中，除了 1 只外，其余所有老虎都被认为不适合在野外生存。对人类的攻击 (n = 19) 最常见 (77%) 由受伤的老虎发起 (80% 的伤害是人为造成的)，并且通常是由老虎挑衅 (47% 的攻击)。旨在减少对家畜掠夺的干预措施的有效性尚不清楚，但数据表明，老虎应对小组从野外清除受伤和其他不健康的老虎，导致人类死亡人数减少。我们的建议包括，TRT 继续致力于通过迅速从野外清除虚弱的老虎来减少冲突，探索减少对家畜的掠夺的不同方法和技术，并通过遥测监测、易地和孤儿幼崽的康复加大努力，以维持野生老虎的生存。此外，应收集标准化数据来评估所有干预措施，并利用评估信息指导人虎冲突缓解活动的适应性管理部分。这一过程应该在亚洲的老虎景观中进行，以便快速评估干预措施。 (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
In 1999, the Russian Federation created a Tiger Response Team (TRT) to investigate and intervene in human-tiger conflicts. We examined data collected on human-Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) conflicts from January 2000 through February 2009 to: (1) summarize and characterize human-tiger conflicts in the area, (2) examine causes of human-tiger conflicts, and (3) attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of the TRT. The team investigated 202 conflicts. Both attacks on humans and depredations were greatest in winter (X-2 = 9, df = 3, P = 0.03 and X-2 = 64, df = 3, P < 0.001, respectively). Tiger depredation on domestic animals was the most common type of conflict reported (57%), followed by tigers near human habitations (22%), miscellaneous conflicts (12%), and attacks on humans (9%). Dogs were killed more commonly than other domestic animals (63% of 254 animals), likely because livestock were well managed. Nineteen attacks on humans were recorded resulting in 11 injuries and 2 deaths. Nearly four tigers per year (n = 32 tigers) died, were killed, or were removed from the wild, and all but 1 of 20 tigers killed or removed from the wild by the TRT were considered unfit to survive in the wild. Attacks on humans (n = 19) were most often (77%) by wounded tigers (80% of injuries were human-caused) and commonly provoked (47% of attacks). The effectiveness of interventions focused on reducing depredation on domestic animals was unclear, but data suggested that removal of injured and other unhealthy tigers from the wild by the Tiger Response Team resulted in fewer human deaths. Our recommendations include that the TRT continues to work to reduce conflict by rapidly removing debilitated tigers from the wild, explores different methods and technologies for reducing depredation on domestic animals, and increases their efforts to maintain tigers in the wild through telemetry monitoring, translocation, and rehabilitation of orphaned cubs. Further, standardized data should be collected to evaluate all interventions, with information from evaluation guiding an adaptive management component of their human-tiger conflict mitigation activities. This process should occur across tiger landscapes in Asia to allow rapid assessment of interventions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.