Obesity and cardiovascular disease.
Obesity and cardiovascular disease.
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DOI：
10.1002/9780470514962.ch6
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. G. Shaper
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. G. Shaper
体重和血压之间观察到的强烈和一致的关系在生命早期发展，成年期超重/肥胖是高血压的良好预测因子。体重减轻会导致血压下降，防止体重增加会降低高血压的发病率，但肥胖不一定是血压升高的直接原因。肥胖除了与其他危险因素相关外，还没有被确定为中风的独立危险因素。肥胖是一个相对较弱的冠心病危险因素，但它与几乎所有其他冠心病危险因素密切相关。因此，在西方高脂肪饮食中变得肥胖，伴随着过量中心脂肪的发展，通过广泛的生化和激素参数（包括胰岛素敏感性）促进动脉粥样硬化形成。肥胖与冠心病的关系进一步被与吸烟和吸烟相关疾病相关的体重减轻所混淆，并被伴随肥胖发展和维持的风险因素所混淆。中年人群的体重减轻并不能明显降低冠心病的发病率，这可能是因为体重减轻的方法缺乏特异性。无论涉及的机制，早期预防动脉粥样硬化性体重增加在年轻的成年人是一个重要的公共卫生目标，以控制高血压和冠心病。
The strong and consistent relationship observed between body weight and blood pressure develops early in life, and overweight/obesity in adult life is a good predictor of hypertension. Weight reduction leads to a decrease in blood pressure and prevention of weight increase lowers the incidence of hypertension, but obesity is not necessarily the direct cause of raised blood pressure. Obesity is not established as an independent risk factor for stroke beyond its association with other risk factors. Obesity is a relatively weak risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) but it is closely associated with almost all other coronary risk factors. Thus, becoming obese on a Western high fat diet, with development of excess central fat, promotes atherogenesis through a wide range of biochemical and hormonal parameters, including insulin sensitivity. The obesity-CHD relationship is further confused by the weight loss associated with smoking and smoking-related disease, and is confounded by risk factors that accompany the development and maintenance of obesity. Weight loss in middle-aged populations does not apparently lower CHD incidence, possibly because of lack of specificity in methods of weight reduction. Irrespective of the mechanisms involved, early prevention of atherogenic weight gain in young adulthood is an important public health goal towards the control of hypertension and CHD.