Ego Depletion and the Strength Model of Self-Control: A Meta-Analysis
Ego Depletion and the Strength Model of Self-Control: A Meta-Analysis
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DOI：
10.1037/a0019486
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
Chatzisarantis, Nikos L. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hagger, Martin S.;Wood, Chantelle;Chatzisarantis, Nikos L. D.
根据力量模型，自我控制是一种有限的资源，它决定了对主导反应的努力控制能力，一旦过度，就会导致自我控制任务表现受损，即自我枯竭。一项对83项研究的元分析测试了自我枯竭对任务绩效和相关结果的影响，对这种影响的替代解释和调节因素，以及额外力量模型假设。结果表明，自我耗竭对自我控制任务绩效有显著影响。研究发现，自我耗竭对努力、知觉困难、负面情绪、主观疲劳和血糖水平有显著影响。对积极情感和自我效能感的影响很小，并不显著。调节变量分析表明，耗竭和依赖任务、频繁使用的耗竭和依赖任务、将任务呈现为单个或单独的实验、依赖测量和控制条件任务的类型以及源实验室之间的影响差异最小。在选择、意志和认知领域中，耗尽任务持续时间、相同或不同实验者的任务呈现、任务间过渡期、依赖任务的复杂性以及依赖任务的使用对效应大小有调节作用。在自我耗竭的样本中，动机激励、自我控制任务训练和葡萄糖补充剂促进了更好的自我控制。对进一步自我控制行为的预期加剧了这种影响。研究结果为自我耗竭效应和力量模型假说提供了初步支持。支持动机和疲劳作为自我枯竭的替代解释，表明有必要将力量模型与其他理论相结合。研究结果为未来的研究提供了动力，以检验关于自我耗竭效应的其他假设和机制。
According to the strength model, self-control is a finite resource that determines capacity for effortful control over dominant responses and, once expended, leads to impaired self-control task performance, known as ego depletion. A meta-analysis of 83 studies tested the effect of ego depletion on task performance and related outcomes, alternative explanations and moderators of the effect, and additional strength model hypotheses. Results revealed a significant effect of ego depletion on self-control task performance. Significant effect sizes were found for ego depletion on effort, perceived difficulty, negative affect, subjective fatigue, and blood glucose levels. Small, nonsignificant effects were found for positive affect and self-efficacy. Moderator analyses indicated minimal variation in the effect across sphere of depleting and dependent task, frequently used depleting and dependent tasks, presentation of tasks as single or separate experiments, type of dependent measure and control condition task, and source laboratory. The effect size was moderated by depleting task duration, task presentation by the same or different experimenters, intertask interim period, dependent task complexity, and use of dependent tasks in the choice and volition and cognitive spheres. Motivational incentives, training on self-control tasks, and glucose supplementation promoted better self-control in ego-depleted samples. Expecting further acts of self-control exacerbated the effect. Findings provide preliminary support for the ego-depletion effect and strength model hypotheses. Support for motivation and fatigue as alternative explanations for ego depletion indicate a need to integrate the strength model with other theories. Findings provide impetus for future investigation testing additional hypotheses and mechanisms of the ego-depletion effect.