Life history variation and growth rate thresholds for maturity in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar
Life history variation and growth rate thresholds for maturity in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar
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DOI：
10.1139/cjfas-55-s1-22
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发表时间：
1998-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Jones, MEB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hutchings, JA;Jones, MEB
基于已发表和未发表的数据编译为275人口，我们描述了大规模的空间和时间模式，在大西洋鲑鱼，萨尔莫盐沼，生活史和模型这些数据来评估生活史的变化如何影响最佳的增长率阈值，在成熟的海龄。人口意味（括号中的范围）描述鲑鱼在其整个范围内的以下情况：（10.5-21.5厘米）;胡瓜鱼年龄= 2.91年（1.04-5.85年）;卵至胡瓜鱼存活率= 1.5%（0.2-3.2%）;格栅长度= 56.8厘米（48.5-70.0厘米）;成熟时的海龄= 1.60年（1.00-2.64年）;小鲑鱼到格栅的存活率= 7.4%（1.3-17.5%）。增长率阈值指定的长度之间的增加熔炼和grilse阶段以上的繁殖后，在海上一个冬天是有利于后期成熟。我们的模拟表明，增长的增加通常有利于更早，但从来没有推迟，成熟。最佳的增长率阈值，在成熟的海年龄是高度敏感的生存，但只有适度敏感的繁殖力，冶炼规模，冶炼年龄。根据个体在海洋中的生长速度，提早成熟有利于缩短胡瓜年龄或增加胡瓜长度、繁殖力或存活率（淡水或海洋）。我们建议，未来的大西洋鲑鱼生活史研究的重点是反应规范和成熟年龄的增长率阈值，男性幼鱼成熟的人口和遗传后果，以及共存的溯河产卵和非溯河产卵的生活史多态性的起源和维持。
Based upon published and unpublished data compiled for 275 populations, we describe large-scale spatial and temporal patterns in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar; life history and model these data to evaluate how changes to life history influence optimal growth rate thresholds for sea age at maturity. Population means (ranges in parentheses) describe the following for salmon throughout its range: smelt length = 14.8 cm (10.5-21.5 cm); smelt age = 2.91 years (1.04-5.85 years); egg-to-smelt survival = 1.5% (0.2-3.2%); grilse length = 56.8 cm (48.5-70.0 cm); sea age at maturity = 1.60 years (1.00-2.64 years); smolt-to-grilse survival = 7.4% (1.3-17.5%). Growth rate thresholds specify the length increase between the smelt and grilse stages above which reproduction after one winter at sea is favoured over later maturity. Our simulations indicated that increased growth generally favours earlier, but never delayed, maturity. Optimal growth rate thresholds for sea age at maturity are highly sensitive to survival but only moderately sensitive to fecundity, smelt size, and smelt age. Depending on an individual's growth rate at sea, early maturity is favoured by decreased smelt age or by increased smelt length, fecundity, or survival (freshwater or marine). We suggest that future Atlantic salmon life history research focus upon reaction norms and growth rate thresholds for age at maturity, demographic and genetic consequences of male parr maturation, and the origin and maintenance of coexisting anadromous and nonanadromous life history polymorphisms.