Active Inference and Auditory Hallucinations.
Active Inference and Auditory Hallucinations.
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DOI：
10.1162/cpsy_a_00022
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Friston, Karl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Benrimoh, David;Parr, Thomas;Friston, Karl
听觉语言幻觉(AVH)通常是包括精神分裂症在内的几种神经精神疾病的令人痛苦的症状。利用主动推理的马尔可夫决策过程描述，我们提出了一种新的作为假(正)推理的AVH模型。主动推理将知觉视为一个假设检验的过程，在这个过程中，感觉数据被用来消除关于世界的不同假设之间的歧义。至关重要的是，这取决于先前对未观察到的(隐藏的)变量的信念和它们造成的感觉之间的微妙平衡。认为声音存在的错误推论，即使在没有听觉感觉的情况下，也表明先前的信念主导了知觉推理。在这里，我们考虑可能导致这种知觉不平衡的计算机制。通过模拟，我们证明了先验信念的内容(和对先验信念的信心)取决于对政策的信念(这里是听和说的顺序)和对感觉数据可靠性的信念。我们展示了几种方式，当代理人期望在不准确的感觉数据存在的情况下听到声音时，幻觉感觉可能会发生。这个模型正式地表达了AVH的另一种计算机制，推测可以映射到与精神分裂症相关的神经生物学变化上。动作和知觉的相互作用在AVH建模中很重要，因为语言从根本上是一个主动和交互的过程--而且幻觉者经常主动地与他们的声音接触。
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are often distressing symptoms of several neuropsychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia. Using a Markov decision process formulation of active inference, we develop a novel model of AVH as false (positive) inference. Active inference treats perception as a process of hypothesis testing, in which sensory data are used to disambiguate between alternative hypotheses about the world. Crucially, this depends upon a delicate balance between prior beliefs about unobserved (hidden) variables and the sensations they cause. A false inference that a voice is present, even in the absence of auditory sensations, suggests that prior beliefs dominate perceptual inference. Here we consider the computational mechanisms that could cause this imbalance in perception. Through simulation, we show that the content of (and confidence in) prior beliefs depends on beliefs about policies (here sequences of listening and talking) and on beliefs about the reliability of sensory data. We demonstrate several ways in which hallucinatory percepts could occur when an agent expects to hear a voice in the presence of imprecise sensory data. This model expresses, in formal terms, alternative computational mechanisms that underwrite AVH and, speculatively, can be mapped onto neurobiological changes associated with schizophrenia. The interaction of action and perception is important in modeling AVH, given that speech is a fundamentally enactive and interactive process-and that hallucinators often actively engage with their voices.