A decade of geodetic change at Kīlauea’s summit—Observations, interpretations, and unanswered questions from studies of the 2008–2018 Halemaʻumaʻu eruption
A decade of geodetic change at Kīlauea’s summit—Observations, interpretations, and unanswered questions from studies of the 2008–2018 Halemaʻumaʻu eruption
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基拉韦厄峰顶十年的大地测量变化——2008-2018 年哈勒马乌马乌火山喷发研究中的观察、解释和未解答的问题
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Anderson
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. Poland;A. Miklius;I. Johanson;K. Anderson
2008年3月19日，一次小爆炸预示着克鲁拉厄亚火山山顶一次非同寻常的喷发的开始。在随后的10年里，人们前所未有地进入了一个活跃的熔岩湖，该熔岩湖位于一个由全球导航卫星系统、干涉合成孔径雷达干涉合成孔径雷达、倾斜和重力等众多大地测量工具监测的区域内。这些数据集揭示了一系列发生在不同时间尺度上的过程。多年来，压力变化的高峰期岩浆系统，从地面变形和熔岩湖表面高度确定，似乎已被广泛的变化，从地幔到火山的浅岩浆系统的岩浆供应率，以及东部裂谷带（ERZ）岩浆运输和喷发的效率的变化。在数周到数月的时间里，在山顶和沿着ERZ（通常形成新的喷发口，并且由于南翼运动的延伸而导致侵入）的侵入是ERZ岩浆供应短期增加或熔岩流出减少的结果。逐渐减少的熔岩流出导致岩浆从ERZ火山口一直回流到山顶。ERZ侵入和喷发造成快速降压的首脑会议岩浆系统，而首脑会议侵入导致复杂的变形模式，岩浆移动到两个主要的子破火山口存储区。在几个小时到几天的时间里，压力变化是由间歇性的通货紧缩（DI）事件和可能的小型山顶入侵造成的，山顶喷发口边缘的变形显示出不稳定性，表明坍塌和轻微爆炸活动的可能性增加。最后，在几分钟到几小时的时间尺度上，气体活塞运动、山顶爆炸、非常长周期的地震事件，甚至空中的喷发羽流都在大地测量数据集中有明确的表现，为深入了解这些过程的原因和后果提供了依据。大地测量观测的多样性和数量为这一特殊的、有据可查的长达十年之久的山顶喷发及其伴随现象提供了重要线索，但关于与喷发和侵入活动有关的因果机制、物理过程和岩浆条件，仍存在许多问题。引言2008-2018年夏威夷Kallauea火山的高峰喷发为研究和发现提供了一个难得的机会（帕特里克等人，2021年）。火山口内通常有一个活跃的循环熔岩湖，很容易进入，位于一个密集而全面的监测网络的中心，可以迅速增加新的设备。此外，这次火山爆发发生在一个经过充分研究的火山，在那里，世纪的研究已经为了解浅层岩浆管道系统和相关的火山活动建立了一个强有力的框架。因此，在喷发期间获得了出色的观测记录（例如，帕特里克等人，2021年），导致对岩浆过程的大量详细见解，从气泡成核（例如，Carey等人，2012年，2013年）到Klavaea广泛岩浆系统的水力连通性（例如，帕特里克等人，2019年a）。地表变形和熔岩湖水位之间的相互关系证明特别重要，它提供了有关熔岩湖密度等参数的信息（Carbone等人，2013年;波兰和Carbone，2016年，2018年），在山顶和沿着火山的东裂谷带侵入和喷发的可能性（ERZ;图1）（帕特里克等人，2015年），以及浅层岩浆系统的体积（安德森等人，2019年）。在这项研究中，我们利用记录从多种类型的大地测量传感器来检查各种信号的变化，在峰会岩浆系统，以及内部和周围的峰会通风口。我们开始通过描述2008年之前在Kamplauea山顶的大地测量活动，这种活动暗示的岩浆系统的变化，以及监测2008-2018年山顶喷发的仪器网络，从2008年3月19日爆发开始，通过10年的熔岩湖活动，其结论与2018年的山顶坍塌和ERZ下部喷发一致（Neal等人，2019）。然后，我们研究了在喷发过程中发生的变化，首先从广泛的时空角度，然后集中在更小（幅度）和更短（持续时间）的信号上，这些信号反映了在Kellauea峰会AA 7512_图01 SDH SMC伊基上发生的大地测量变化的十年中及其周围的各种过程。
On March 19, 2008, a small explosion heralded the onset of an extraordinary eruption at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano. The following 10 years provided unprecedented access to an actively circulating lava lake located within a region monitored by numerous geodetic tools, including Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), tilt, and gravity. These datasets revealed a range of processes occurring on widely different timescales. Over years, pressure change within the summit magmatic system, determined from ground deformation and lava-lake surface height, seems to have been governed by broad variations in the rate of magma supply from the mantle to the volcano’s shallow magmatic system, as well as changes in the efficiency of East Rift Zone (ERZ) magma transport and eruption. Over weeks to months, intrusions at the summit and along the ERZ, where new eruptive vents commonly formed and intrusions were primed by extension from south-flank motion, were a result of short-term increases in magma supply or waning lava effusion from the ERZ. Waning lava effusion caused magma to back up behind the ERZ eruptive vent all the way to the summit. ERZ intrusions and eruptions caused rapid depressurization of the summit magmatic system, whereas summit intrusions resulted in complex deformation patterns as magma moved to and from two main sub-caldera storage areas. Over hours to days, pressure changes were caused by episodic deflationinflation (DI) events and possibly small summit intrusions, and deformation of the rim of the summit eruptive vent revealed instabilities that indicated an increased potential for collapse and minor explosive activity. Finally, over timescales of minutes to hours, gas pistoning, summit explosions, very-longperiod seismic events, and even the airborne eruptive plume had clear manifestations in geodetic datasets, providing insights into the causes and consequences of those processes. The diversity and quantity of geodetic observations shed important light on this exceptional and well-documented decade-long summit eruption and its accompanying phenomena, yet numerous questions remain about the causal mechanisms, physical processes, and magmatic conditions associated with eruptive and intrusive activity. Introduction The 2008–2018 summit eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, provided an exceptional opportunity for research and discovery (Patrick and others, 2021). The eruptive vent, inside which an actively circulating lava lake was usually present, was easily accessible and located in the middle of a dense and comprehensive monitoring network within which new equipment could quickly be added. Moreover, this eruption was at a well-studied volcano where a century of research had established a strong framework for understanding the shallow magmatic plumbing system and associated volcanic activity. As a result, an outstanding record of observations was obtained (for example, Patrick and others, 2021) during the eruption, leading to a vast array of detailed insights into magmatic processes ranging from bubble nucleation (for example, Carey and others, 2012, 2013) to the hydraulic connectivity of Kīlauea’s extensive magmatic system (for example, Patrick and others, 2019a). The correlation between surface deformation and lava-lake level proved particularly important, providing information on such parameters as the density of the lava lake (Carbone and others, 2013; Poland and Carbone, 2016, 2018), the potential for intrusions and eruptions at the summit and along the volcano’s East Rift Zone (ERZ; fig. 1) (Patrick and others, 2015), and the volume of the shallow magmatic system (Anderson and others, 2019). In this study, we utilize records from numerous types of geodetic sensors to examine a variety of signals related to changes within the summit magmatic system, as well as within and around the summit vent. We begin by describing geodetic activity at Kīlauea’s summit prior to 2008, changes to the magmatic system that this activity implied, and the network of instrumentation that monitored the 2008–2018 summit eruption, from its explosive onset on March 19, 2008, through 10 years of lava lake activity, to its conclusion coincident with the summit collapse and lower ERZ eruption of 2018 (Neal and others, 2019). We then examine the changes that occurred over the course of the eruption, first from a broad spatiotemporal perspective and then zeroing in on ever smaller (in magnitude) and shorter (in duration) signals that reflect a diversity of processes occurring in and around 2 A Decade of Geodetic Change at Kīlauea’s Summit AA7512_fig 01 SDH SMC IKI
DOI：
10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106832
发表时间：
2020-05-15
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Anderson, Alyssa N.;Foster, Ames H.;Frazer, Neil
通讯作者：
Frazer, Neil
2018 年火山口崩塌后的通货膨胀再次制约了凯劳厄亚的岩浆系统
DOI：
10.1029/2021jb021803
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
影响因子：
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作者：
Wang, Taiyi;Zheng, Yujie;Pulvirenti, Fabio;Segall, Paul
通讯作者：
Segall, Paul
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Crozier, Josh;Karlstrom, Leif
通讯作者：
Karlstrom, Leif