Hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic simulations of moist convection: Review and further study
Hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic simulations of moist convection: Review and further study
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湿对流的静水和非静水模拟：回顾和进一步研究
DOI：
10.1007/bf01025363
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
T. Kato
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Kato
本文回顾了用静力模式和非静力模式模拟湿对流的定量对比试验，并进一步研究了当网格尺寸福尔斯小于20 km时，静力近似对高分辨率模式的适用性。对理想化的湿对流进行了处理，然后用每个模式对1993年8月6日发生在日本九州南部鹿儿岛的暴雨进行了模拟。模式中单独或联合使用了一个预报云水和雨水的显式暖雨过程和湿对流调节方案。对于理想对流的模拟，静力模拟比非静力模拟更容易高估和过度扩展降水，且静力水负荷的拖曳效应对对流发展的影响比非静力效应更显著。然而，在20公里的模拟，静水压力模拟与静水载荷产生的结果是可比的nonhydrostatic对应。对于真实的数据的模拟，比较结果与理想对流的结果吻合较好。此外，5公里的静力模拟高估总降水比去化对流。在此基础上，提出在发展10 ~ 20 km数值预报模式时，应优先考虑静水负荷，而不应采用非静水负荷模式，并认为考虑静水负荷的非静水负荷模式可用于高分辨率数值预报模式。
Quantitatively comparative experiments of moist convection using hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic models are reviewed and a further study is made of the suitability of the hydrostatic approximation for a high-resolution model when the grid size falls below 20 km. Idealized moist convection is treated, and then the torrential rain that occurred on 6 August 1993 in Kagoshima, southern Kyushu, Japan is simulated by each model. An explicit warm-rain process predicting cloud water and rainwater and the scheme of moist convective adjustment are individually or conjunctively employed in the model. The effect of hydrostatic water loading is also examined in detall.For the simulation of idealized convection, the hydrostatic simulation tends to overestimate and overexpand precipitation in comparison with the non-hydrostatic counterpart, and the drag effect of hydrostatic water loading is more significant for convective development than the non-hydrostatic effect. In the 20-km simulations, however, the hydrostatic simulation with hydrostatic water loading produces results that are comparable to the nonhydrostatic counterpart. For the simulation with real data, the comparative results well correspond to those of idealized convection. Furthermore, the 5 km hydrostatic simulation overestimates total precipitation more than that of dealized convection. On the basis of these results, when developing 10∼20 km numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, hydrostatic water loading should be evaluated in preference to adopting non-hydrostatic models, and a non-hydrostatic model with hydrostatic water loading is thought to be recommendable for a high-resolution NWP model.