THE ORIGIN OF CULTIVATED WHEAT
THE ORIGIN OF CULTIVATED WHEAT
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DOI：
10.1139/g66-028
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发表时间：
1966-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Jenkins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Jenkins
小麦的驯化是从狩猎和采集经济向粮食生产经济过渡的关键因素。新经济的动力从根本上改变了社会的组织。耕种土地和饲养牲畜不仅需要发展专门技能，促进了劳动分工，而且在历史上第一次产生了过剩的食物。剩余的粮食被用来养活不断增长的人口，这些人口聚集到村庄，最终聚集到城镇。人口的聚集反过来又导致了艺术、发明和所有复杂的文明活动的发展。只有经过一个多世纪的时间和来自世界各地的大量学者的大量研究，栽培小麦的起源才变得清晰起来，至少在轮廓上是如此。还有许多工作要做：即使在这个阶段，也有许多问题没有解决。本文将围绕四个问题展开讨论：（1）归化过程中发生了哪些变化？(2)小麦是如何被驯化的，涉及哪些过程？(3)什么时候
The domestication of wheat was a crucial factor in thc transition from a hunting and gathering to a food producing economy. The new economy set in motion forces that radically changed the organization of society. Tilling the soil and tending animals not only required the development of specialized skills and promoted the division of labor, but for the first time in history yielded a surplus of food. The surplus was uscd to feed an increasing population that aggregated into villages and ultimately towns and cities. The aggregations of population in turn led to the devcl~ ment of arts, inventions, and all of the complex activities of civilization.The cultivated wheats have had a complex history. Only after more than a centurv and a great amount of worlc by a very large numbe; of worlcers from all parts' of the world is the origin of the cultivated wheats, in outline at least, becoming clear. &Iuch remains to be done: even at this stage there are many unsolved problems. The present discussion will he centered on four problems:(1) What changes occurred in the process of domestication?(2) How was wheat domesticated and what were the processes involved?(3) When was it