The impact of distractions on young adult drivers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
The impact of distractions on young adult drivers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2009.06.021
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Fried, Ronna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reimer, Bryan;Mehler, Bruce;Fried, Ronna
患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的年轻人参与车祸的风险更高。虽然驾驶模拟器已被用于识别和理解潜在的行为，但以前的研究主要集中在单一任务，非分心驾驶。然而，车载信息娱乐和通信系统往往会争夺驾驶员的注意力，从而可能增加碰撞的风险。本文探讨了次要任务对患有和不患有ADHD的个体的影响，ADHD是一种已知会影响注意力调节的医学疾病。数据是从一个有效的驾驶模拟表示期间之前，期间和之后参与一个次要的认知任务。免提电话任务，在高刺激，城市设置和工作记忆任务，在低刺激，高速公路驾驶。患有ADHD的司机在电话任务上有更多的困难，但并没有表现出比控制参与者更大的驾驶性能的增加递减。相比之下，ADHD的参与者在低需求环境中的次要任务中，驾驶表现比对照组下降更大。结果表明，驾驶环境的性质和次要任务的相互作用有显着的影响，如何与ADHD的司机分配注意力，反过来，对驾驶性能的相对影响。患有ADHD的司机在低刺激驾驶期间特别容易分心。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at higher risk for being involved in automobile crashes. Although driving simulators have been used to identify and understand underlying behaviors, prior research has focused largely on single-task, non-distracted driving. However, in-vehicle infotainment and communications systems often vie for a driver's attention, potentially increasing the risk of collision. This paper explores the impact of secondary tasks on individuals with and without ADHD, a medical condition known to affect the regulation of attention. Data are drawn from a validated driving simulation representing periods before, during, and after participation in a secondary cognitive task. A hands-free phone task was employed in a high stimulus, urban setting and a working memory task during low stimulus, highway driving. Drivers with ADHD had more difficulty on the telephone task, yet did not show an increased decrement in driving performance greater than control participants. In contrast, participants with ADHD showed a larger decline in driving performance than controls during a secondary task in a low demand setting. The results suggest that the interaction of the nature of the driving context and the secondary task has a significant influence on how drivers with ADHD allocate attention and, in-turn, on the relative impact on driving performance. Drivers with ADHD appear particularly susceptible to distraction during periods of low stimulus driving. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.