THE ESTABLISHMENT OF RHODODENDRON-PONTICUM IN THE KILLARNEY OAKWOODS, SW IRELAND
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF RHODODENDRON-PONTICUM IN THE KILLARNEY OAKWOODS, SW IRELAND
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DOI：
10.2307/2259638
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发表时间：
1981-01-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
CROSS, JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CROSS, JR
R.在世纪，ponticum被引入到爱尔兰的基拉尼地区，随后通过大量非常小的、容易分散的种子传播到整个半天然的橡树林（Blechno-Quercetumassociation）。现在，它通过遮蔽地面植物群和阻止本地木本物种的再生，对这些森林构成严重威胁。森林已经受到几乎连续的人类干扰和放牧至少4个世纪，他们目前严重过度放牧引进西卡鹿（Cervus nippon）。这种干扰和放牧是促进R. ponticum。幼苗的R. ponticum与山坡上的branite群落密切相关。成功的发芽似乎几乎只发生在< 1厘米深的briterite社区。这些安全的地点似乎为发芽提供了必要的湿度和光照，并提供了一些保护，免受不利因素的影响。R. ponticum是由于大量的安全地点，这主要是由于过度放牧和其他干扰，它的耐荫性和它的不好吃，如果间接的话。死亡的幼苗主要是由于与其他R. ponticum幼苗或，在某些年份，因为干旱。森林经营与R.简要地讨论了蓬提姆控制。
R. ponticum was introduced into the Killarney area of Ireland during the 19th century and has subsequently spread by means of large numbers of very small, easily dispersed seeds throughout the semi-natural oakwoods (Blechno-Quercetum association). It is now a serious threat to these woods by shading the ground flora and preventing regeneration of native woody species. The woods have been subject to almost continuous human disturbance and to grazing for at least 4 centuries and they are currently severely overgrazed by the introduced sika deer (Cervus nippon). This disturbance and grazing is a major factor in aiding the spread of R. ponticum. Seedlings of R. ponticum are closely associated with bryophyte communities on slopes. Successful germination appears to occur almost exclusively in bryophyte communities of < 1-cm depth. These safe sites seem to provide the necessary humidity and light for germination, as well as offering some protection from adverse factors. The successful establishment of R. ponticum is due to a combination of the abundance of safe sites, which have arisen principally, if indirectly, as a result of overgrazing and other disturbance, its tolerance of shade and its unpalatability. Seedlings which died did so mainly as a result of competition with other R. ponticum seedlings or, in some years, because of drought. Management of the woods in relation to R. ponticum control is briefly discussed.