Autonomous Navigation for Micro Aerial Vehicles in Complex GNSS-denied Environments

Autonomous Navigation for Micro Aerial Vehicles in Complex GNSS-denied Environments
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复杂 GNSS 拒绝环境中微型飞行器的自主导航

DOI:
10.1007/s10846-015-0274-3
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Behnke
Behnke
中科院分区:
计算机科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nieuwenhuisen;Droeschel;Behnke

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微型飞行器,例如多旋翼飞行器,特别适合建筑物的自主监控、检查和监视,例如工厂的维护。微型飞行器在受限环境中完全自主运行的关键先决条件是 3D 测绘、实时姿态跟踪、障碍物检测和无碰撞轨迹规划。在本文中,我们提出了一个完整的导航系统,具有用于全向环境感知的多模态传感器设置。 3D 激光扫描仪的测量结果汇总在以自我为中心的局部多分辨率网格图中。本地地图被注册并合并到 MAV 定位的异中心地图中。对于自主导航,我们以多层方法生成轨迹:从全局和局部轨迹规划的任务规划到反应性避障。我们在 GNSS 拒绝的室内环境中评估我们的方法,其中存在多种碰撞危险,需要可靠的全向感知和快速导航反应。
Micro aerial vehicles, such as multirotors, are particular well suited for the autonomous monitoring, inspection, and surveillance of buildings, e.g., for maintenance in industrial plants. Key prerequisites for the fully autonomous operation of micro aerial vehicles in restricted environments are 3D mapping, real-time pose tracking, obstacle detection, and planning of collision-free trajectories. In this article, we propose a complete navigation system with a multimodal sensor setup for omnidirectional environment perception. Measurements of a 3D laser scanner are aggregated in egocentric local multiresolution grid maps. Local maps are registered and merged to allocentric maps in which the MAV localizes. For autonomous navigation, we generate trajectories in a multi-layered approach: from mission planning over global and local trajectory planning to reactive obstacle avoidance. We evaluate our approach in a GNSS-denied indoor environment where multiple collision hazards require reliable omnidirectional perception and quick navigation reactions.
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