SAUSA: Securing Access, Usage, and Storage of 3D Point CloudData by a Blockchain-Based Authentication Network
SAUSA: Securing Access, Usage, and Storage of 3D Point CloudData by a Blockchain-Based Authentication Network
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DOI：
10.3390/fi14120354
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发表时间：
2022-11
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Ronghua Xu;Yu Chen;Genshe Chen;Erik Blasch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ronghua Xu;Yu Chen;Genshe Chen;Erik Blasch
基于三维传感器的三维采集技术的快速发展提供了海量的数据，这些数据往往以点云的形式表现出来。点云表示可以在三维空间中保留原始的几何信息以及相关的属性。因此，它被广泛应用于许多与场景理解相关的应用中，如虚拟现实(VR)和自动驾驶。然而，从分布式3D传感器聚集的海量点云数据也给安全的数据收集、管理、存储和共享带来了挑战。得益于去中心化和安全性的特点，区块链在改善点云服务、增强安全和隐私保护方面具有巨大的潜力。受软件定义网络(SDN)技术的启发，本文设想了Sausa，一个基于区块链的认证网络，能够以分散的方式记录、跟踪和审计三维点云数据集在生命周期中的访问、使用和存储。Sausa采用受SDN启发的点云服务架构，可实现高效的数据处理和交付，以满足不同的服务质量(Qos)要求。提出了一种基于区块链的认证框架，以确保点云数据采集、存储和分析过程中的安全和隐私保护。利用区块链上数字化访问控制策略和点云数据的智能合同，数据所有者可以完全控制他们的3D传感器和点云。此外，任何人都可以在不依赖第三方的情况下验证正在使用的点云的真实性和完整性。此外，Sausa集成了一个分散的存储平台来存储加密的点云，同时在分布式分类账上记录原始数据的引用。这种链上和链外混合的存储策略不仅提高了健壮性和可用性，还保证了点云应用中敏感信息的隐私保护。在物理网络上实施了概念验证原型并进行了测试。实验评估验证了所提出的Sausa解决方案的可行性和有效性。
The rapid development of three-dimensional (3D) acquisition technology based on 3D sensors provides a large volume of data, which are often represented in the form of point clouds. Point cloud representation can preserve the original geometric information along with associated attributes in a 3D space. Therefore, it has been widely adopted in many scene-understanding-related applications such as virtual reality (VR) and autonomous driving. However, the massive amount of point cloud data aggregated from distributed 3D sensors also poses challenges for secure data collection, management, storage, and sharing. Thanks to the characteristics of decentralization and security, Blockchain has great potential to improve point cloud services and enhance security and privacy preservation. Inspired by the rationales behind the software-defined network (SDN) technology, this paper envisions SAUSA, a Blockchain-based authentication network that is capable of recording, tracking, and auditing the access, usage, and storage of 3D point cloud datasets in their life-cycle in a decentralized manner. SAUSA adopts an SDN-inspired point cloud service architecture, which allows for efficient data processing and delivery to satisfy diverse quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. A Blockchain-based authentication framework is proposed to ensure security and privacy preservation in point cloud data acquisition, storage, and analytics. Leveraging smart contracts for digitizing access control policies and point cloud data on the Blockchain, data owners have full control of their 3D sensors and point clouds. In addition, anyone can verify the authenticity and integrity of point clouds in use without relying on a third party. Moreover, SAUSA integrates a decentralized storage platform to store encrypted point clouds while recording references of raw data on the distributed ledger. Such a hybrid on-chain and off-chain storage strategy not only improves robustness and availability, but also ensures privacy preservation for sensitive information in point cloud applications. A proof-of-concept prototype is implemented and tested on a physical network. The experimental evaluation validates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed SAUSA solution.