Characteristics of Fault Rocks Within the Aftershock Cloud of the 2014 Orkney Earthquake (M5.5) Beneath the Moab Khotsong Gold Mine, South Africa

Characteristics of Fault Rocks Within the Aftershock Cloud of the 2014 Orkney Earthquake (M5.5) Beneath the Moab Khotsong Gold Mine, South Africa
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2014年南非莫阿布科特松金矿奥克尼地震(M5.5)余震云中断层岩特征

DOI:
10.1029/2022gl098745
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Ogasawara H.
Ogasawara H.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Miyamoto T.;Hirono T.;Yokoyama Y.;Kaneki S.;Yamamoto Y.;Ishikawa T.;Tsuchiyama A.;Katayama I.;Yabe Y.;Ziegler M.;Durrheim R. J.;Ogasawara H.

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国际大陆科学钻探计划项目“南非金矿深部2.0级至5.5级地震发震带钻探”中回收的岩心包括2014年奥克尼地震(5.5级)余震云团内的断层角砾岩。角砾岩及其周围的侵入岩,可能是富含滑石、黑云母、方解石和角闪洞的煌斑岩,由于磁铁矿的存在而具有较高的磁化率。所有这些特征都可以归因于流体相关的蚀变。角砾岩和煌斑岩均具有较低的摩擦系数和速度增强迹象,这与地震的发生不一致。煌斑岩中不同数量的滑石、黑云母、方解石和角闪洞可能产生了复杂的摩擦特性和断层稳定性的空间异质性。蚀变煌斑岩可能是2014年奥克尼地震的宿主岩,但摩擦的复杂性可能控制了主震和余震的震级及其分布。
Cores recovered during the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program project “Drilling into Seismogenic zones of M2.0 to M5.5 earthquakes in deep South African Gold Mines” include fault breccia from within the aftershock cloud of the 2014 Orkney earthquake (M5.5). The breccia and surrounding intrusive rocks, probably lamprophyres rich in talc, biotite, calcite, and amphibole, had high magnetic susceptibilities owing to the presence of magnetite. All of these characteristics can be attributed to fluid‐related alteration. Both the breccia and the lamprophyres had low friction coefficients and showed evidence of velocity strengthening, which is inconsistent with the occurrence of earthquakes. Variable amounts of talc, biotite, calcite, and amphibole within the lamprophyres might have produced complex frictional properties and spatial heterogeneity of fault stability. The altered lamprophyres may be the host rocks of the 2014 Orkney earthquake, but frictional complexity may have governed the magnitudes of the main‐ and aftershocks and their distributions.
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