Menacing Mold: Recent Advances in Aspergillus Pathogenesis and Host Defense.
Menacing Mold: Recent Advances in Aspergillus Pathogenesis and Host Defense.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jmb.2019.03.027
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发表时间：
2019-10
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Benjamin Y Tischler;T. Hohl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Benjamin Y Tischler;T. Hohl
曲霉属在环境中普遍存在，并且包含许多种，主要是烟曲霉，其在人类中引起霉菌相关疾病。人类吸入几百到几千个孢子（即，营养孢子），并且通常以无症状的方式清除这些孢子。在免疫功能低下的个体中，曲霉分生孢子可萌发成组织侵入性菌丝，传播并引起侵袭性曲霉病。在这篇综述中，我们首先讨论了新的概念，在宿主防御抗真菌gillusinfections和强调新的见解，真菌识别和信号，先天免疫激活，真菌杀伤。其次，审查重点是新的概念offungilluspathogenesis和突出的新兴知识，真菌菌株的异质性，应激反应和代谢适应感染的结果。因此，对宿主-病原体相互作用的机制性洞察对于定义新的可药用真菌靶标和利用新的基于免疫的策略来改善易感患者群体中与曲霉菌病相关的临床结局至关重要。
The genus Aspergillus is ubiquitous in the environment and contains a number of species, primarilyA. fumigatus,that cause mold-associated disease in humans. Humans inhale several hundred to several thousandAspergillusconidia (i.e., vegetative spores) daily and typically clear these in an asymptomatic manner. In immunocompromised individuals,Aspergillusconidia can germinate into tissue-invasive hyphae, disseminate, and cause invasive aspergillosis. In this review, we first discuss novel concepts in host defense againstAspergillusinfections and emphasize new insights in fungal recognition and signaling, innate immune activation, and fungal killing. Second, the review focuses on novel concepts ofAspergilluspathogenesis and highlights emerging knowledge regarding fungal strain heterogeneity, stress responses, and metabolic adaptations on infectious outcomes. Mechanistic insight into the host–pathogen interplay is thus critical to define novel druggable fungal targets and to exploit novel immune-based strategies to improve clinical outcomes associated with aspergillosis in vulnerable patient populations.