HOW TO MAKE A POLITY (IN THE CENTRAL MESA VERDE REGION)
HOW TO MAKE A POLITY (IN THE CENTRAL MESA VERDE REGION)
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DOI：
10.1017/aaq.2016.18
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Kohler, Timothy A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Crabtree, Stefani A.;Bocinsky, R. Kyle;Kohler, Timothy A.
西南部北部高地的理解社会在多大程度上是等级主义或平等主义，仍然存在争议，而且似乎可能随着时间的推移而发生变化。本文通过对村庄生态动力学项目基于主体的模型的扩展，通过模拟等级和战争的共同进化，检验了西南北部村庄跨越政策的合理性。此外，我们还汇编了关于居住和仪式空间(Kiva)的人口规模分布以及在普韦布洛西南部三大地区使用它们的社会群体的经验数据，并随着时间的推移进行了分析。所有证据都驳斥了普韦布洛二世时期(公元890-1145)的“自治村”模式；相反，它们支持普韦布洛二世时期(公元1145-1285)存在跨越村庄的政治。在普韦布洛二世期间，我们所考察的地区似乎有可能出现一个或多个连接西南北部的政体，贡品流向查科峡谷的顶端。在普韦布洛三世期间，更多的地方组织可能一直占据主导地位，直到13世纪末人口减少。
The degree to which prehispanic societies in the northern upland Southwest were hierarchical or egalitarian is still debated and seems likely to have changed through time. This paper examines the plausibility of village-spanning polities in the northern Southwest by simulating the coevolution of hierarchy and warfare using extensions to the Village Ecodynamics Project's agent-based model. We additionally compile empirical data on the population size distribution of habitations and ritual spaces (kivas) and the social groups that used them in three large regions of the Pueblo Southwest and analyze these through time. All lines of evidence refute an "autonomous village" model during the Pueblo II period (A.D. 890-1145); rather, they support the existence of village-spanning polities during the Pueblo II and probably into the Pueblo III period (A.D. 1145-1285) in some areas. One or more polities connecting the northern Southwest, with tribute flowing to an apex in Chaco Canyon, appears plausible during Pueblo II for the areas we examine. During Pueblo III, more local organizations likely held sway until depopulation in the late thirteenth century.