BUNYAVIRIDAE
BUNYAVIRIDAE
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DOI：
10.1159/000149174
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发表时间：
1980-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
WESTAWAY, EG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BISHOP, DHL;CALISHER, CH;WESTAWAY, EG
布尼亚病毒科包括超过200种感染脊椎动物和/或无脊椎动物的病毒（血清型、亚型和变种）。病毒有四个属（布尼亚病毒属、奈罗病毒属、白蛉病毒属和乌库病毒属）。成员病毒的主要特征是：（1）病毒颗粒大部分为均匀的球形，直径80-110 nm，并具有一个单位包膜，从包膜中伸出5-10 nm长的多肽刺突;（ii）病毒具有三个螺旋核衣壳，通常为超螺旋环的形式，每个由单一种类的单链RNA组成，一个主要的核衣壳多肽，N，和至少在某些情况下少量的大多肽，其可能是转录酶组分;（iii）基因组由三种RNA组成（L，大; M，中;和S，小），以末端氢键合的环状结构组织;（iv）大多数病毒具有三种主要的病毒体多肽（N）和两个表面多肽，命名为G1和G2）;（v）对于至少一些成员病毒，已显示病毒体含有RNA指导的RNA聚合酶，据信其负责病毒互补mRNA的合成，因此布尼亚病毒被认为是负链病毒;（vi）至少一些布尼亚病毒能够进行异源病毒基因组区段重配，并且能够以高或低频率形成重组病毒;（vii）病毒似乎主要在光滑的膜表面成熟，并在高尔基囊泡和囊泡或附近积累; ㈧节肢动物中的跨卵、性病和/或跨stadial传播已被证明发生在该科的一些成员中。
The family Bunyaviridae comprises over 200 viruses (serotypes, subtypes, and varieties) that infect vertebrates and/or invertebrates. Four genera of viruses have been defined (Bunyavirus, Nairovirus, Phlebovirus,andUukuvirus). The main characteristics of the member viruses are: (i) the virus particles are for the most part uniformly spherical, 80–110 nm in diameter, and possess a unit membrane envelope from which protrude polypeptide spikes 5–10 nm long; (ii) the viruses have three helical nucleocapsids, often in the form of supercoiled circles, each consisting of a single species of single-stranded RNA, a major nucleocapsid polypeptide, N, and at least in some cases minor amounts of a large polypeptide which may be a transcriptase component; (iii) the genome is composed of three species of RNA (L, large; M, medium; and S, small), organized in end-hydrogen bonded circular structures; (iv) most viruses have three major virion polypeptides (N, and two surface polypeptides, designated Gl and G2); (v) for at least some member viruses, the virions have been shown to contain an RNA-directed RNA polymerase, believed to be responsible for the synthesis of viral complementary mRNA, so that bunyaviruses are considered to be negative-stranded viruses; (vi) at least some bunyaviruses are capable of heterologous virus genome segment reassortment and can form recombinant viruses at high or low frequency; (vii) viruses appear to mature primarily at smooth membrane surfaces and accumulate in Golgi vesicles and saccules, or nearby; (viii) transovarial, venereal and/or transstadial transmission in arthropods has been shown to occur for some members of the family.