Genetic-Based Susceptibility of a Foundation Tree to Herbivory Interacts With Climate to Influence Arthropod Community Composition, Diversity, and Resilience
Genetic-Based Susceptibility of a Foundation Tree to Herbivory Interacts With Climate to Influence Arthropod Community Composition, Diversity, and Resilience
复制标题
基础树对草食动物的遗传敏感性与气候相互作用影响节肢动物群落的组成、多样性和恢复力
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
T. Whitham
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Stone;C. Gehring;N. Cobb;T. Whitham
了解植物的遗传特征如何与气候相互作用，影响相关的社区，将有助于改善气候变化对生物多样性影响的预测。然而，很少有社区一级的研究涉及这种互动。美国西南部的Pinyon pine（Pinus edulis）对Pinyon needle scale（Matsucoccus acalyptus）表现出遗传抗性和易感性。我们试图确定规模草食动物的易感性是否影响了250+节肢动物物种的扩展社区的多样性和组成，如果这种影响将是连续几年，一个极端干旱的一年，其次是中度干旱的一年是一致的。由于介壳虫改变了易感树木的结构，因此很难将易感性对节肢动物群落的直接影响与介壳虫改变树木结构的间接影响分开。为了分离这些影响，实验性地将鳞片从易感树中排除15年，从而产生具有抗性树的结构的易感树，下文称为鳞片排除树。出现了五种模式。(1)在这两年中，节肢动物丰度是3- 4倍，低于敏感的树木相比，抗性和规模排除树木。(2)物种累积曲线显示，与抗性和尺度排除的树木相比，易感树木的α和γ多样性低2- 3倍。(3)节肢动物的丰富度和丰富度的反应规范，个别树基因型跨年表现出基因型的变化，在社会对气候变化的反应。(4)易感性对节肢动物群落组成的遗传影响依赖于气候。在极端干旱期间，规模上排除树木的社区组成类似于易感树，表明组成的强烈影响树的遗传结构独立的树。然而，在中度干旱下，规模排除树木的群落组成类似于抗性树木，表明与树木结构相关的性状变得更加重要。(5)极端干旱后一年，节肢动物群落急剧回升。然而，有一个更大的反弹，丰富度和丰富度的抗性相比，敏感的树木，这表明在节肢动物群落的弹性降低与易感性。这些结果表明，基于遗传的植物-食草动物相互作用可以直接和间接地影响群落水平的多样性，而这种多样性是由气候调节的。了解这种相互作用对于评估气候变化对生物多样性的影响十分重要。
Understanding how genetic-based traits of plants interact with climate to affect associated communities will help improve predictions of climate change impacts on biodiversity. However, few community-level studies have addressed such interactions. Pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) in the southwestern U.S. shows genetic-based resistance and susceptibility to pinyon needle scale (Matsucoccus acalyptus). We sought to determine if susceptibility to scale herbivory influenced the diversity and composition of the extended community of 250+ arthropod species, and if this influence would be consistent across consecutive years, an extreme drought year followed by a moderate drought year. Because scale insects alter the architecture of susceptible trees, it is difficult to separate the direct influences of susceptibility on arthropod communities from the indirect influences of scale-altered tree architecture. To separate these influences, scales were experimentally excluded from susceptible trees for 15 years creating susceptible trees with the architecture of resistant trees, hereafter referred to as scale-excluded trees. Five patterns emerged. (1) In both years, arthropod abundance was 3-4X lower on susceptible trees compared to resistant and scale-excluded trees. (2) Species accumulation curves show that alpha and gamma diversity were 2-3X lower on susceptible trees compared to resistant and scale-excluded trees. (3) Reaction norms of arthropod richness and abundance on individual tree genotypes across years showed genotypic variation in the community response to changes in climate. (4) The genetic-based influence of susceptibility on arthropod community composition is climate dependent. During extreme drought, community composition on scale-excluded trees resembled susceptible trees indicating composition was strongly influenced by tree genetics independent of tree architecture. However, under moderate drought, community composition on scale-excluded trees resembled resistant trees indicating traits associated with tree architecture became more important. (5) One year after extreme drought, the arthropod community rebounded sharply. However, there was a much greater rebound in richness and abundance on resistant compared to susceptible trees suggesting that reduced resiliency in the arthropod community is associated with susceptibility. These results argue that individual genetic-based plant-herbivore interactions can directly and indirectly impact community-level diversity, which is modulated by climate. Understanding such interactions is important for assessing the impacts of climate change on biodiversity.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0505734102
发表时间：
2005-10-18
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Breshears, DD;Cobb, NS;Meyer, CW
通讯作者：
Meyer, CW