Excess BMI in early adolescence adversely impacts maturating functional circuits supporting high-level cognition and their structural correlates
Excess BMI in early adolescence adversely impacts maturating functional circuits supporting high-level cognition and their structural correlates
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DOI：
10.1038/s41366-023-01303-7
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发表时间：
2023-04
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Skylar J. Brooks;Calli Smith;C. Stamoulis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Skylar J. Brooks;Calli Smith;C. Stamoulis
背景/目的在神经发育脆弱时期，过度的BMI(影响美国五分之一的儿童)对大脑回路的负面影响尚不完全清楚。研究对象/方法对4922名青少年[智商中位数=120.0(13.0月)，女性2572名(52.25%)]进行横断面静息功能磁共振成像、结构sMRI、神经认知任务评分和体重指数分析。从fMRI和sMRI分别估计网络的综合拓扑和形态特征。交叉验证的线性回归模型评估了与BMI的相关性。结果几乎30%的年轻人存在超重体重指数，其中超重736人(15.0%)，肥胖672人(13.7%)，黑人和西班牙裔青年比白人、亚洲人和非西班牙裔青年更多(p<； 0.01)。肥胖或超重的人体力活动较少，睡眠时间少于推荐值，打呼噜更频繁，使用电子设备的时间更长(p<； )。他们在默认模式、背部注意、显著、控制、边缘和奖励网络中的拓扑效率、弹性、连接性、连接性和聚集性也较低(p≤ 0.04，Cohen‘s d：0.07-0.39)。只有肥胖青年的大脑皮质-丘脑效率和连接性较低(p<； ：0.09-0.19)。两组的皮质厚度、体积和白质强度在这些网络的组成结构中都较低，特别是前扣带回、内嗅觉、前额叶和枕叶外侧皮质(p<； 0.01，Cohen‘s d：0.12-0.30)，这也介导了体重指数与区域功能拓扑之间的反向关系。肥胖或超重的青少年在测量流体推理的任务中得分较低，流体推理是认知功能的一个核心方面，与拓扑变化部分相关(p≤ 0.04)。结论青春期早期体重指数过高可能与成熟功能回路和大脑结构不发达的严重异常拓扑变化有关，从而对认知功能的核心方面产生不利影响。
Background/ObjectivesAdverse effects of excess BMI (affecting 1 in 5 children in the US) on brain circuits during neurodevelopmentally vulnerable periods are incompletely understood. This study investigated BMI-related alterations in maturating functional networks and their underlying brain structures, and high-level cognition in early adolescence.Subjects/MethodsCross-sectional resting-state fMRI, structural sMRI, neurocognitive task scores, and BMI from 4922 youth [median (IQR) age = 120.0 (13.0) months, 2572 females (52.25%)] from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) cohort were analyzed. Comprehensive topological and morphometric network properties were estimated from fMRI and sMRI, respectively. Cross-validated linear regression models assessed correlations with BMI. Results were reproduced across multiple fMRI datasets.ResultsAlmost 30% of youth had excess BMI, including 736 (15.0%) with overweight and 672 (13.7%) with obesity, and statistically more Black and Hispanic compared to white, Asian and non-Hispanic youth (p< 0.01). Those with obesity or overweight were less physically active, slept less than recommended, snored more frequently, and spent more time using an electronic device (p< 0.01). They also had lower topological efficiency, resilience, connectivity, connectedness and clustering in Default-Mode, dorsal attention, salience, control, limbic, and reward networks (p≤ 0.04, Cohen’s d: 0.07-0.39). Lower cortico-thalamic efficiency and connectivity were estimated only in youth with obesity (p< 0.01, Cohen’s d: 0.09-0.19). Both groups had lower cortical thickness, volume and white matter intensity in these networks’ constituent structures, particularly anterior cingulate, entorhinal, prefrontal, and lateral occipital cortices (p< 0.01, Cohen’s d: 0.12-0.30), which also mediated inverse relationships between BMI and regional functional topologies. Youth with obesity or overweight had lower scores in a task measuring fluid reasoning - a core aspect of cognitive function, which were partially correlated with topological changes (p≤ 0.04).ConclusionsExcess BMI in early adolescence may be associated with profound aberrant topological alterations in maturating functional circuits and underdeveloped brain structures that adversely impact core aspects of cognitive function.