From Target to Implementation: Perspectives for the International Governance of Forest Landscape Restoration
From Target to Implementation: Perspectives for the International Governance of Forest Landscape Restoration
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从目标到实施：森林景观恢复国际治理视角
作者：
T. Pistorius;H. Freiberg
森林资源的持续耗竭，特别是在热带发展中国家，已经把大片完整的生态系统变成了城市化和农业用地。退化程度各不相同，但在大多数情况下，生态系统功能和提供各种生态系统服务的能力受到严重损害。除了许多其他挑战外，这些土地的成功森林恢复需要大量资源和资金，但生态、经济和社会效益有可能超过投资。因此，在国际政策一级，恢复被视为土地使用活动的一个领域，对同时实现不同的环境和社会政策目标作出重大贡献。因此，国际政策层面的不同政策进程已将生态景观恢复作为全球优先事项，特别是2010年达成的《生物多样性公约》爱知目标15，其目标是到2020年恢复所有退化土地面积的15%。虽然这些雄心勃勃的政策目标对于确认和商定环境问题的解决办法很重要，但它们不太可能得到进一步的证实或管理。因此，本文的目的是开发一种互补的治理方法，以自上而下地实施爱知目标。借鉴协作和网络治理理论，我们讨论了协作网络治理方法的潜力和前景，以克服退化土地快速大规模恢复所面临的固有挑战。
Continuing depletion of forest resources, particularly in tropical developing countries, has turned vast areas of intact ecosystems into urbanized and agricultural lands. The degree of degradation varies, but in most cases, the ecosystem functions and the ability to provide a variety of ecosystem services are severely impaired. In addition to many other challenges, successful forest restoration of these lands requires considerable resources and funding, but the ecological, economic and social benefits have the potential to outweigh the investment. As a consequence, at the international policy level, restoration is seen as a field of land use activities that provides significant contributions to simultaneously achieving different environmental and social policy objectives. Accordingly, different policy processes at the international policy level have made ecological landscape restoration a global priority, in particular the Convention on Biological Diversity with the Aichi Target 15 agreed upon in 2010, which aims at restoring 15% of all degraded land areas by 2020. While such ambitious policy targets are important for recognizing and agreeing upon solutions for environmental problems, they are unlikely to be further substantiated or governed. The objective of this paper is thus to develop a complementary governance approach to the top-down implementation of the Aichi target. Drawing on collaborative and network governance theories, we discuss the potential of a collaborative networked governance approach and perspectives for overcoming the inherent challenges facing a rapid large-scale restoration of degraded lands.