Beyond ATP, new roles of mitochondria.
Beyond ATP, new roles of mitochondria.
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DOI：
10.1042/bio_2022_119
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发表时间：
2022-08
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线粒体是一种特殊的双膜细胞内区室或“细胞器”，通常被称为“细胞的动力室”，因为它们产生大量ATP用于燃料细胞生化反应。线粒体还众所周知产生用于合成大分子（例如，碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂质和核酸）。在20世纪90年代中期，新的证据表明，线粒体，超越其在生物能量学和生物合成中的典型作用，可以作为信号细胞器开始出现，使我们对线粒体在控制细胞功能中的作用的看法发生了戏剧性的转变。在接下来的25年里，来自多个小组的工作已经证明了线粒体信号传导如何决定不同的生理和病理生理结果。在这篇文章中，我们将简要地讨论不同的机制，线粒体可以与细胞质和其他细胞器的沟通，以调节细胞的命运和功能，并发挥旁分泌作用。我们对线粒体与细胞其余部分的通讯（即线粒体信号传导）的分子理解，可以揭示改善健康和改善疾病的新治疗策略。
Mitochondria, special double-membraned intracellular compartments or ‘organelles’, are popularly known as the ‘powerhouses of the cell’, as they generate the bulk of ATP used to fuel cellular biochemical reactions. Mitochondria are also well known for generating metabolites for the synthesis of macromolecules (e.g., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids). In the mid-1990s, new evidence suggesting that mitochondria, beyond their canonical roles in bioenergetics and biosynthesis, can act as signalling organelles began to emerge, bringing a dramatic shift in our view of mitochondria’s roles in controlling cell function. Over the next two and half decades, works from multiple groups have demonstrated how mitochondrial signalling can dictate diverse physiological and pathophysiological outcomes. In this article, we will briefly discuss different mechanisms by which mitochondria can communicate with cytosol and other organelles to regulate cell fate and function and exert paracrine effects. Our molecular understanding of mitochondrial communication with the rest of the cell, i.e. mitochondrial signalling, could reveal new therapeutic strategies to improve health and ameliorate diseases.