OCCUPATIONAL-DISEASE IN NEW-YORK-STATE - A COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION
OCCUPATIONAL-DISEASE IN NEW-YORK-STATE - A COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION
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DOI：
10.1002/ajim.4700160408
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发表时间：
1989-01-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
LANDRIGAN, PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MARKOWITZ, SB;FISCHER, E;LANDRIGAN, PJ
为了获得有关纽约州职业病当前严重程度的信息，审查了四个数据来源：工人的赔偿记录、州卫生部维护的疾病登记处、劳工统计局（BLS）的数据和加利福尼亚州医生报告系统的数据。采用比例归因风险法估算职业病造成的死亡率。使用来自职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）、国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）和纽约州环境保护部（NYDEC）的数据对职业危害的分布进行了评估。最后，对职业病的直接和间接成本进行了计量经济学估计。现有最可靠的数据表明，纽约州每年有5 000至7 000人死于与工作有关的疾病，该州每年至少有35 000个新的职业病病例。另据估计，纽约州有15万至75万工人受雇于50个最危险的行业。OSHA规范暴露于选定化学品的标准被发现经常被违反。纽约州每年职业病的费用约为6亿美元;只有一小部分由工人赔偿保险支付。在纽约州的52,000名医生中，只有73人获得了职业医学委员会的认证。其中大部分涉及职业医学的行政、教学和研究方面。在纽约州的300名工业卫生员中，三分之二受雇于大公司。建议，以提高认识的职业病在纽约州，以减少这种疾病的负担。提议建立一个全州范围的职业健康临床服务网络，该网络已由纽约州议会资助。还提出了其他建议。
In order to obtain information on the current magnitude of occupational disease in New York State, four data sources were reviewed: Workers'' Compensation records, disease registries maintained by the state department of health, data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), and data from the California''s physician reporting system. A proportionate attributable risk approach is used to develop estimates of mortality due to occupational diseases. The distribution of occupational hazards was assessed using data from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYDEC). Finally econometric estimates of the direct and indirect costs of occupational illness were developed. The best available data indicate that 5,000 to 7,000 deaths are caused each year in New York State by work-related illnesses, and at least 35,000 new cases of occupational illness develop each year in the State. It is also estimated that between 150,000 and 750,000 workers in New York State are employed in the 50 most hazardous industries. OSHA standards regulating exposure to selected chemicals were found to have been violated frequently. The annual costs of occupational disease in New York State are approximately $600,000,000; only a small fraction is covered by workers'' compensation insurance. Of the 52,000 physicians in New York State, only 73 are board-certified in occupational medicine. Most of these are involved in administrative, teaching, and research aspects of occupational medicine. Of the 300 industrial hygenists in New York State, two-thirds are employed by major corporations. Recommendations are described to improve the recognition of occupational disease in New York State and to reduce the burden of this disease. A statewide network of occupational health clinical services is proposed and has been funded by the New York State Legislature. Other recommendations are also given.