Achieving Food System Resilience Requires Challenging Dominant Land Property Regimes
Achieving Food System Resilience Requires Challenging Dominant Land Property Regimes
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fsufs.2021.683544
复制
发表时间：
2021-09-14
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Kobayashi, Mai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calo, Adam;McKee, Annie;Kobayashi, Mai
虽然有证据继续表明，迫切需要将粮食系统从工业化的单一种植转向农业生态生产，但几乎没有迹象表明全球北方地区对粮食系统转型作出重大政策承诺。作者是一个研究全球北方地区土地-粮食关系的研究人员联盟，他们认为，解释缺乏改革的一个关键锁定来自大多数粮食系统干预措施如何通过占主导地位的财产逻辑来实现其农业生态生产目标。这样做没有认识到土地保有制度，由法律编纂和社会执行，如何构建农业土地使用的结果。从这个角度来看，作者认为，实现粮食系统的“弹性”需要迫切关注驱动土地使用制度的基本财产规范，特别是在财产规范似乎占主导地位的情况下。本文首先回顾了政治生态学、批判财产法和人文地理学的研究，以说明全球北方根深蒂固的财产关系如何阻碍了粮食主权和农业生态学等替代模式的发展，并努力调解可接受的“可持续农业”形式。“借鉴作者在苏格兰、法国、澳大利亚、加拿大和日本工作的集体经验中出现的土地保有权改革案例，我们接下来观察到，争夺财产的主导逻辑如何为形成深刻而公平的粮食系统转型创造空间。同样，这些案例表明，粮食系统中的强大行为体如何试图利用财产的法律的和文化规范，使其对推动农业生产的资源的控制合法化。我们的表述表明，粮食系统“复原力”的愿景必须包括财产关系的改革，就像多样化的农业实践一样。这项工作呼吁在财产作为一种认识和最高权利发挥作用的地方，对我们与土地的关系进行文化和法律的联合重新想象。
Although evidence continues to indicate an urgent need to transition food systems away from industrialized monocultures and toward agroecological production, there is little sign of significant policy commitment toward food system transformation in global North geographies. The authors, a consortium of researchers studying the land-food nexus in global North geographies, argue that a key lock-in explaining the lack of reform arises from how most food system interventions work through dominant logics of property to achieve their goals of agroecological production. Doing so fails to recognize how land tenure systems, codified by law and performed by society, construct agricultural land use outcomes. In this perspective, the authors argue that achieving food system "resilience" requires urgent attention to the underlying property norms that drive land access regimes, especially where norms of property appear hegemonic. This paper first reviews research from political ecology, critical property law, and human geography to show how entrenched property relations in the global North frustrate the advancement of alternative models like food sovereignty and agroecology, and work to mediate acceptable forms of "sustainable agriculture." Drawing on emerging cases of land tenure reform from the authors' collective experience working in Scotland, France, Australia, Canada, and Japan, we next observe how contesting dominant logics of property creates space to forge deep and equitable food system transformation. Equally, these cases demonstrate how powerful actors in the food system attempt to leverage legal and cultural norms of property to legitimize their control over the resources that drive agricultural production. Our formulation suggests that visions for food system "resilience" must embrace the reform of property relations as much as it does diversified farming practices. This work calls for a joint cultural and legal reimagination of our relation to land in places where property functions as an epistemic and apex entitlement.