The effect of grape seed and grape marc meal extract on milk performance and the expression of genes of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in the liver of dairy cows in early lactation
The effect of grape seed and grape marc meal extract on milk performance and the expression of genes of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in the liver of dairy cows in early lactation
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DOI：
10.3168/jds.2015-9478
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Eder, K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gessner, D. K.;Koch, C.;Eder, K.
在围产期，奶牛通常处于类似炎症的状态，有研究表明，与肝脏内质网(ER)应激发展相关的炎症有助于脂肪肝综合征和酮病的发展。在本研究中，我们研究了饲喂葡萄籽和葡萄渣粉提取物(GSGME)作为一种富含类黄酮的植物提取物可以减轻奶牛肝脏的炎症和内质网应激的假设。两组奶牛在产前3周至产后9周期间，分别饲喂全混合日粮作为对照日粮，或在全混合日粮中添加1%的GSGME。两组产后3~9周干物质摄入量无明显差异。然而，饲喂添加GSGME的日粮的奶牛产奶量和每日乳蛋白产量都有所增加。此外，饲喂GSGME的奶牛在产后1周和3周肝脏中成纤维细胞生长因子21的mRNA丰度显著降低。成纤维细胞生长因子21是一种由不同应激条件诱导的应激激素。而WK1和WK3产后肝脏组织中共有3个炎症相关基因和14个内质网应激反应相关基因的mRNA丰度以及三酰甘油和胆固醇的浓度在两组间差异无统计学意义。总体而言，这项研究表明，补充GSGME并没有影响肝脏的炎症或ER应激，但增加了产奶量，这一效果可能是由于影响了瘤胃代谢。
During the periparturient phase, cows are typically in an inflammation-like condition, and it has been suggested that inflammation associated with the development of stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the liver contributes to the development of fatty liver syndrome and ketosis. In the present study, we investigated the hypothesis that feeding grape seed and grape marc meal extract (GSGME) as a plant extract rich in flavonoids attenuates inflammation and ER stress in the liver of dairy cows. Two groups of cows received either a total mixed ration as a control diet or the same total mixed ration supplemented with 1% of GSGME over the period from wk 3 prepartum to wk 9 postpartum. Dry matter intake during wk 3 to 9 postpartum was not different between the 2 groups. However, the cows fed the diet supplemented with GSGME had an increased milk yield and an increased daily milk protein yield. Cows supplemented with GSGME moreover had a significantly reduced mRNA abundancy of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, a stress hormone induced by various stress conditions, in the liver in wk 1 and 3 postpartum. In contrast, mRNA abundances of a total of 3 genes involved in inflammation and 14 genes involved in ER stress response, as well as concentrations of triacylglycerols and cholesterol, in liver samples of wk 1 and 3 postpartum did not differ between the 2 groups. Overall, this study shows that supplementation of GSGME did not influence inflammation or ER stress in the liver but increased milk yield, an effect that could be due to effects on ruminal metabolism.