The Role of Spatial and Ontogenetic Morphological Variation in the Expansion of the Geographic Range of the Tropical Brown Alga, Turbinaria Ornata
The Role of Spatial and Ontogenetic Morphological Variation in the Expansion of the Geographic Range of the Tropical Brown Alga, Turbinaria Ornata
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空间和个体发育形态变异在热带褐藻（Turbinaria Ornata）地理范围扩大中的作用
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Hannah L Stewart
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作者：
Hannah L Stewart
概要 与世界各地的许多珊瑚礁一样，法属波利尼西亚的珊瑚礁正在经历从珊瑚为主的系统向藻类为主的系统的转变。大型藻类 Turbinaria ornata 构成了这些岛屿周围堡礁上不断增加的藻类生物量的大部分，并且其在整个地区的分布正在增加。 Turbinaria 的生态形态使其非常适合在法属波利尼西亚各地堡礁的物理条件下繁衍生息。空间形态变化使 Turbinaria 能够产生适合后礁平静、单向、缓慢流动的水流或前礁高能波浪驱动水流的形态类型。后礁植物很灵活，可以产生气囊，使它们有浮力，而前礁植物则没有浮力，但坚固而僵硬。人们发现，膀胱的产生和由此产生的浮力是响应水运动的表型可塑性状，赋予珊瑚礁植物优势，并在扩散中发挥重要作用。浮力、物质特性和繁殖能力的个体发生变异是一种扩散策略的一部分，通过这种策略，肥沃、有浮力的叶子在大洋岛屿之间漂流并形成新的种群，从而促进了近期 T. ornata 在法属波利尼西亚范围的扩大。
Synopsis Like many reefs worldwide, reefs in French Polynesia are experiencing a shift from coral-dominated to algal-dominated systems. The macroalga Turbinaria ornata comprises the majority of the increasing algal biomass on the barrier reefs surrounding these islands, and its distribution is increasing throughout this region. Aspects of the ecomorphology of Turbinaria make it ideally suited to thrive under the physical conditions found across barrier reefs throughout French Polynesia. Spatial morphological variation allows Turbinaria to produce morphotypes that are suited either to the calm, unidirectional, slowly flowing water in the backreef or to the high-energy wave-driven flow of the forereef. Backreef plants are flexible and produce airbladders that make them buoyant, whereas forereef plants are not buoyant, but strong and stiff. Production of bladders and resulting buoyancy has been found to be a phenotypically plastic trait in response to movement of water and confers advantages to backreef plants and plays an important role in dispersal. Ontogenetic variation of buoyancy, material properties, and reproductive capacity is part of a dispersal strategy whereby fertile, buoyant fronds drift between oceanic islands and form new populations, thereby contributing to the recent expansion of range of T. ornata across French Polynesia.