Field Trial Assessment of Biological, Chemical, and Physical Responses of Soil to Tillage Intensity, Fertilization, and Grazing
Field Trial Assessment of Biological, Chemical, and Physical Responses of Soil to Tillage Intensity, Fertilization, and Grazing
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DOI：
10.1007/s00267-009-9319-3
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发表时间：
2009-06
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
S. Vargas Gil;A. Becker;C. Oddino;M. Zuza;A. Marinelli;G. March
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Vargas Gil;A. Becker;C. Oddino;M. Zuza;A. Marinelli;G. March
土壤微生物种群可随环境变化而波动，因此常被用作土壤质量的生物指标。土壤化学和物理参数也可以用作指标，因为它们可以根据不同的管理策略而变化。通过长期田间试验，研究了玉米(Zea maysL.)、向日葵(Heliantus annuusL.)、大豆(Glyine max L.)不同耕作方式(免耕、免耕、翻耕)、施磷肥(磷酸二铵)和放牧(以作物残渣消耗量计)对玉米(Zea maysL.)、向日葵(Heliantus annuusL.)和大豆(Glyine MaxL.)的影响。土壤的生物、化学和物理参数。田间试验分四个作物年度(2000/2001、2001/2002、2002/2003和2003/2004)进行。土壤中放线菌、木霉和粘菌的种群。在保护性耕作制度下，在经过磷酸二铵(DAP)改良的土壤中，以前没有放牧的土壤中，产量增加了49%。管理措施对土壤化学参数也有影响，尤其是有机质和全氮含量，免耕比免耕分别高10%和55%。NT系统的团聚体稳定性比MP高61%，施磷土壤高15%，未放牧带高9%，容重比MP低12%。施用DAP和不放牧也降低了土壤容重(3%)。使用保护性耕作系统，用DAP给作物施肥，避免放牧，有助于保持土壤健康和提高作物产量。
Soil microbial populations can fluctuate in response to environmental changes and, therefore, are often used as biological indicators of soil quality. Soil chemical and physical parameters can also be used as indicators because they can vary in response to different management strategies. A long-term field trial was conducted to study the effects of different tillage systems (NT: no tillage, DH: disc harrow, and MP: moldboard plough), P fertilization (diammonium phosphate), and cattle grazing (in terms of crop residue consumption) in maize (Zea maysL.), sunflower (Heliantus annuusL.), and soybean (Glycine maxL.) on soil biological, chemical, and physical parameters. The field trial was conducted for four crop years (2000/2001, 2001/2002, 2002/2003, and 2003/2004). Soil populations of Actinomycetes,Trichodermaspp., andGliocladiumspp. were 49% higher under conservation tillage systems, in soil amended with diammonium phosphate (DAP) and not previously grazed. Management practices also influenced soil chemical parameters, especially organic matter content and total N, which were 10% and 55% higher under NT than under MP. Aggregate stability was 61% higher in NT than in MP, 15% higher in P-fertilized soil, and also 9% higher in not grazed strips, bulk density being 12% lower in NT systems compared with MP. DAP application and the absence of grazing also reduced bulk density (3%). Using conservation tillage systems, fertilizing crops with DAP, and avoiding grazing contribute to soil health preservation and enhanced crop production.