All eyes on relevance: strategic allocation of attention as a result of feature-based task demands in multiple object tracking
All eyes on relevance: strategic allocation of attention as a result of feature-based task demands in multiple object tracking
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DOI：
10.3758/s13414-016-1129-0
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Huff, Markus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brockhoff, Alisa;Huff, Markus
多目标跟踪（MOT）在动态环境的处理和解释中起着重要作用。关于观察者使用的信息类型，最近的研究报告了以一种自动的、低层次的方式使用物体特征的证据。通过引入一种允许我们将跟踪与非干扰自上而下的任务相结合的新范式，我们测试了自愿组件是否可以以选择性的方式调节对任务相关特征的注意力部署。在四个实验中，我们发现了任务驱动选择机制在跟踪过程中引导注意力的确凿证据：观察者能够忽略或优先考虑不同的对象。与其他同类型的物体（目标/干扰物）相比，他们标记不同（提示）的物体（目标/干扰物）的频率更高或更低——但只有当他们在跟踪过程中接受了一个需要他们积极处理物体特征（提示）的识别任务时才会这样。这些影响是根据现有的注意跟踪、注视线索可用性和注意准备的理论方法来讨论的，注意准备这个术语最初源于对注意捕获和视觉搜索的研究。我们的研究结果表明，现有的MOT理论需要进行调整，以允许在跟踪过程中灵活地自上而下、自愿地处理。
Multiple object tracking (MOT) plays a fundamental role in processing and interpreting dynamic environments. Regarding the type of information utilized by the observer, recent studies reported evidence for the use of object features in an automatic, low- level manner. By introducing a novel paradigm that allowed us to combine tracking with a noninterfering top-down task, we tested whether a voluntary component can regulate the deployment of attention to task-relevant features in a selective manner. In four experiments we found conclusive evidence for a task-driven selection mechanism that guides attention during tracking: The observers were able to ignore or prioritize distinct objects. They marked the distinct (cued) object (target/distractor) more or less often than other objects of the same type (targets /distractors)-but only when they had received an identification task that required them to actively process object features (cues) during tracking. These effects are discussed with regard to existing theoretical approaches to attentive tracking, gaze-cue usability as well as attentional readiness, a term that originally stems from research on attention capture and visual search. Our findings indicate that existing theories of MOT need to be adjusted to allow for flexible top-down, voluntary processing during tracking.