From neural development to cognition: unexpected roles for chromatin.

From neural development to cognition: unexpected roles for chromatin.
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DOI:
10.1038/nrg3413
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发表时间:
2013-05
期刊:
Nature reviews. Genetics
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其他
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最近的人类神经发育和精神疾病的基因组测序研究发现了许多染色质调节基因的突变。这些人类遗传学研究,沿着在模式生物中的研究,正在深入了解神经发育中的染色质调节机制,以及这些机制的改变如何导致认知缺陷,如智力残疾。我们讨论了几种涉及的染色质调节剂,包括BAF(也称为SWI/SNF)和CHD 8染色质重塑,HDAC 4和Polycomb组件EZH 2。有趣的是,EZH 2和某些BAF复合物组分中的突变在神经发育障碍和癌症中都有作用,重叠的点突变表明功能上重要的残基和结构域。我们推测这些相似的突变对不同疾病的贡献。
Recent genome-sequencing studies in human neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders have uncovered mutations in many chromatin regulators. These human genetic studies, along with studies in model organisms, are providing insight into chromatin regulatory mechanisms in neural development and how alterations to these mechanisms can cause cognitive deficits, such as intellectual disability. We discuss several implicated chromatin regulators, including BAF (also known as SWI/SNF) and CHD8 chromatin remodellers, HDAC4 and the Polycomb component EZH2. Interestingly, mutations in EZH2 and certain BAF complex components have roles in both neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer, and overlapping point mutations are suggesting functionally important residues and domains. We speculate on the contribution of these similar mutations to disparate disorders.
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