Cardioviruses Are Genetically Diverse and Cause Common Enteric Infections in South Asian Children
Cardioviruses Are Genetically Diverse and Cause Common Enteric Infections in South Asian Children
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DOI：
10.1128/jvi.02085-08
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发表时间：
2009-05-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Delwart, Eric L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Blinkova, Olga;Kapoor, Amit;Delwart, Eric L.
HIV病毒引起小鼠和大鼠的肠道感染，当传播时与心肌炎、1型糖尿病、脑炎和多发性硬化样症状相关。在其他哺乳动物中也检测到较低频率的HIV病毒。小核糖核酸病毒科中的病毒属目前由两种病毒物种组成，即泰勒病毒和脑心肌炎病毒。直到最近，只有一个单一的心脏病毒株（威柳伊斯克病毒在泰洛病毒属）与一个地理限制和流行的脑炎样条件已报告发生在人类。2007年报告了第二种与泰勒病毒相关的心脏病毒（Saffold病毒[SAFV]），随后在患有呼吸道疾病的儿童的呼吸道分泌物以及健康和腹泻儿童的粪便中发现。利用病毒宏基因组学，我们在巴基斯坦和阿富汗非脊髓灰质炎急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）儿童的粪便中鉴定了与SAFV相关的RNA片段。我们对三个近全长基因组进行了测序，显示存在SAFV的不同毒株，并初步证明大鼠泰勒样病毒的祖先与人类SAFV的祖先之间存在远距离重组事件。进一步的VP1测序显示存在五种新的SAFV基因型，使报告的人类和动物泰洛病毒的遗传多样性增加了一倍。巴基斯坦的AFP患者和健康儿童都被发现以9%和12%的高频率排泄SAFV。需要进一步研究这些高度常见和多样的SAFV基因型在非脊髓灰质炎AFP和其他人类疾病中的作用。
Cardioviruses cause enteric infections in mice and rats which when disseminated have been associated with myocarditis, type 1 diabetes, encephalitis, and multiple sclerosis-like symptoms. Cardioviruses have also been detected at lower frequencies in other mammals. The Cardiovirus genus within the Picornaviridae family is currently made up of two viral species, Theilovirus and Encephalomyocarditis virus. Until recently, only a single strain of cardioviruses (Vilyuisk virus within the Theilovirus species) associated with a geographically restricted and prevalent encephalitis-like condition had been reported to occur in humans. A second theilovirus-related cardiovirus (Saffold virus [SAFV]) was reported in 2007 and subsequently found in respiratory secretions from children with respiratory problems and in stools of both healthy and diarrheic children. Using viral metagenomics, we identified RNA fragments related to SAFV in the stools of Pakistani and Afghani children with nonpolio acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). We sequenced three near-full-length genomes, showing the presence of divergent strains of SAFV and preliminary evidence of a distant recombination event between the ancestors of the Theiler-like viruses of rats and those of human SAFV. Further VP1 sequencing showed the presence of five new SAFV genotypes, doubling the reported genetic diversity of human and animal theiloviruses combined. Both AFP patients and healthy children in Pakistan were found to be excreting SAFV at high frequencies of 9 and 12%, respectively. Further studies are needed to examine the roles of these highly common and diverse SAFV genotypes in nonpolio AFP and other human diseases.