Europeanisation Goes East: Power and Uncertainty in the EU Accession Process
Europeanisation Goes East: Power and Uncertainty in the EU Accession Process
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欧洲化向东发展：入盟进程中的权力和不确定性
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发表时间：
2002
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通讯作者：
H. Grabbe
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作者：
H. Grabbe
本文提出了一个框架，将现有欧盟的欧洲化研究扩展到欧盟对中欧和东欧的影响。首先从表面上看，公共政策的影响与当前欧盟 15 国观察到的影响本质上相似，但范围更广、更深。申请者承担了欧盟成员资格的所有义务，因此向他们转移政策和制度的国内影响可能与欧盟对其现有成员国的影响相当，尽管政治关系不同。关于欧盟的文献中确定的欧洲化机制也在申请国中运作，因为它们面临着基本相同的适应压力。但有两个主要区别：一是候选国的欧盟议程范围更广，远远超出了现有成员国的入会要求。第二个是欧盟与候选国之间基于入盟条件的权力关系的政治背景。申请者与欧盟之间的权力不对称使得欧盟在申请者的国内政策制定过程中比现有的欧盟具有更多的强制影响力，因为申请者面临着现有成员国所没有的额外条件。但欧盟如何利用其对申请国的潜在影响力也受到限制，特别是入盟过程中存在的多个方面的不确定性。 Heather Grabbe 欧洲改革中心 29 Tufton Street London, SW1P 3QL United Kingdom 电话：020-7233-1199 传真：020-7233-1117 heather@cer.org.uk
This paper sets out a framework for extending the study of Europeanisation in the existing European Union to the effects of the EU in central and eastern Europe. It starts with the prima facie case that the effects on public policy are similar in nature to those observed in the current EU-15, but broader and deeper in scope. The applicants are taking on all the obligations of EU membership, so the domestic effects of transferring policies and institutions to them are likely to be comparable with the effects of the EU on its current member-states, even though the political relationship is different. Europeanisation mechanisms identified in the literature on the EU also operate in the applicant countries, given that they are subject to substantially the same pressures for adaptation. However, there are two major differences: the first is the wider scope of the EU’s agenda in the candidate countries, which goes far beyond the requirements of membership for the existing member states. The second is the political context of a power relationship between the EU and the candidates that is based on conditionality for accession. The asymmetry of power between the applicants and the Union gives the EU more coercive routes of influence in the applicants’ domestic policy-making processes than in the existing EU because the applicants face additional conditions that current members do not. But there are also constraints on how the EU uses its potential influence in the applicant countries, in particular the multiple dimensions of uncertainty built into the accession process. Heather Grabbe Centre for European Reform 29 Tufton Street London, SW1P 3QL United Kingdom Tel: 020-7233-1199 Fax: 020-7233-1117 heather@cer.org.uk