Growth habit determination by the balance of histone methylation activities in Arabidopsis
Growth habit determination by the balance of histone methylation activities in Arabidopsis
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DOI：
10.1038/emboj.2010.198
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发表时间：
2010-09-15
期刊：
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Noh, Yoo-Sun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ko, Jong-Hyun;Mitina, Irina;Noh, Yoo-Sun
在拟南芥中，快速开花的夏季一年生相对于春化需要冬季一年生的生长习性是由Frigida（FRI）和FLOWARCHLOCUS C（FLC）的自然变异决定的。然而，FRI如何赋予冬季一年一次的习惯的生化基础仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们表明，FRI通过增强组蛋白甲基转移酶（HMT）的活性提高FLC的表达。FRI功能所必需的短日早开花蛋白（EFS）是一种新的双底物（组蛋白H3赖氨酸4（H3 K4）和H3 K36）特异性HMT。FRI通过EFS募集到FLC染色质中，进而增强EFS活性并接合额外的HMT。在FLC中，EFS的HMT活性分别由EFL途径组分的H3 K4/H3 K36-和H3 K4-特异性组蛋白脱甲基酶（HDM）活性平衡，EFL途径组分分别为RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWER 6和FLOWERLOCUS D。夏季一年生植物HDM活性的损失导致HMT活性占主导地位，导致在没有FRI的情况下转换为冬季一年生习性。因此，我们的研究提供了如何通过H3 K4/H3 K36特异性HMT和HDM活性的平衡来确定生长习性的模型。
In Arabidopsis, the rapid-flowering summer-annual versus the vernalization-requiring winter-annual growth habit is determined by natural variation in FRIGIDA (FRI) and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). However, the biochemical basis of how FRI confers a winter-annual habit remains elusive. Here, we show that FRI elevates FLC expression by enhancement of histone methyltransferase (HMT) activity. EARLY FLOWERING IN SHORT DAYS (EFS), which is essential for FRI function, is demonstrated to be a novel dual substrate (histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and H3K36)-specific HMT. FRI is recruited into FLC chromatin through EFS and in turn enhances EFS activity and engages additional HMTs. At FLC, the HMT activity of EFS is balanced by the H3K4/H3K36- and H3K4-specific histone demethylase (HDM) activities of autonomous-pathway components, RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING 6 and FLOWERING LOCUS D, respectively. Loss of HDM activity in summer annuals results in dominant HMT activity, leading to conversion to a winter-annual habit in the absence of FRI. Thus, our study provides a model of how growth habit is determined through the balance of the H3K4/H3K36- specific HMT and HDM activities.