Theories and possible processes of action in animal assisted interventions
Theories and possible processes of action in animal assisted interventions
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DOI：
10.1080/10888691.2016.1262263
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Beetz, Andrea M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beetz, Andrea M.
人类与动物互动（HAI）的研究，包括动物辅助干预（AAIs），记录了与动物互动的不同积极影响，如减少应激反应、抑郁情绪、焦虑、攻击和疼痛，促进信任、冷静、动机和注意力集中。潜在的生物、心理和社会过程可能是这些影响的基础。为什么会发生这种情况的理论包括：亲生命、拟人化、关注体验系统而不是语言符号系统、动机、催产素系统的激活、依恋和照顾（包括为压力缓冲提供社会支持）以及分心过程。了解动物如何对教育和治疗环境产生积极影响，特别是对有心理和社会心理挑战的个体，并发现AAI存在哪些特殊适应症，以及客户或环境中的哪些学习前提条件可能会得到加强，这不仅可以为AAI提供更好的理论基础，还可以提高其疗效。
Different positive effects of interactions with animals, such as reduction of stress reactions, depressive mood, anxiety, aggression, and pain, and promotion of trust, calmness, motivation, and concentration have been documented by research on human-animal interaction (HAI), including animal assisted interventions (AAIs). Potential biological, psychological, and social processes may underpin these effects. Theories of why this may occur include biophilia, anthropomorphism, a focus on the experiential system instead of the verbal-symbolic system, motivation, activation of the oxytocin system, attachment and caregiving including provision of social support for stress buffering, and distraction processes. Understanding how animals may positively affect educational and therapeutic settings, in particular for individuals with psychical and psychosocial challenges, and finding what special indications for AAI exist, and which preconditions of learning in the client or the setting could potentially be enhanced, might provide not only a better rationale for AAIs but also promote their efficacy.