Transgressors, victims, and cry babies: Is basic moral judgment spared in autism?
Transgressors, victims, and cry babies: Is basic moral judgment spared in autism?
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DOI：
10.1080/17470910600992197
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
DiCorcia, Jennifer A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leslie, Alan M.;Mallon, Ron;DiCorcia, Jennifer A.
人类的社会智能包括各种复杂的认知和情感过程，这些过程似乎在自闭症谱系障碍中被选择性障碍。在过去的二十年中，通过研究两者，对这些神经发展疾病以及对规范社会智力的研究的研究迅速发展。具体而言，自闭症的研究为“思想理论”能力，正常发展和潜在的神经系统的本质提供了重要的见解。同时，“思想理论”基础神经认知机制发展受损的想法为自闭症疾病的本质提供了新的启示。这种一般方法不仅限于对障碍的研究，而是扩展到自闭症中所保留的社会智能领域的映射领域。在这里，我们调查了基本的道德判断，发现在自闭症儿童中，它在“心理理论”中受到严重损害的儿童似乎完全完整。同时，我们通过新的控制任务（“哭泣的婴儿”任务，扩展了正常发展中道德推理的研究。哭泣的婴儿场景，其中受害者的困扰是“不合理的”或“不合理的”，不要引起正常发展学龄前儿童或自闭症儿童的道德谴责。因此，对受害者表现困扰的道德违法行为的判断不太可能是对困扰的简单自动反应的结果，更有可能涉及道德推理。映射无序发育的认知合并症模式必须涵盖障碍和省略，因为两者都需要了解神经和遗传水平。
Human social intelligence comprises a wide range of complex cognitive and affective processes that appear to be selectively impaired in autistic spectrum disorders. The study of these neuro-developmental disorders and the study of canonical social intelligence have advanced rapidly over the last twenty years by investigating the two together. Specifically, studies of autism have provided important insights into the nature of "theory of mind" abilities, their normal development and underlying neural systems. At the same time, the idea of impaired development of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying "theory of mind" has shed new light on the nature of autistic disorders. This general approach is not restricted to the study of impairments but extends to mapping areas of social intelligence that are spared in autism. Here we investigate basic moral judgment and find that it appears to be substantially intact in children with autism who are severely impaired in "theory of mind". At the same time, we extend studies of moral reasoning in normal development by way of a new control task, the "cry baby" task. Cry baby scenarios, in which the distress of the victim is "unreasonable" or "unjustified," do not elicit moral condemnation from normally developing preschoolers or from children with autism. Judgments of moral transgressions in which the victim displays distress are therefore not likely the result of a simple automatic reaction to distress and more likely involve moral reasoning. Mapping the cognitive comorbidity patterns of disordered development must encompass both impairments and sparings because both are needed to make sense of the neural and genetic levels.