Substantial Contribution of Submicroscopical Plasmodium falciparum Gametocyte Carriage to the Infectious Reservoir in an Area of Seasonal Transmission
Substantial Contribution of Submicroscopical Plasmodium falciparum Gametocyte Carriage to the Infectious Reservoir in an Area of Seasonal Transmission
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0008410
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发表时间：
2009-12-22
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Sauerwein, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ouedraogo, Andre Lin;Bousema, Teun;Sauerwein, Robert
背景资料：疟疾在人与蚊子之间的传播取决于有性阶段寄生虫（配子体）的存在，这种寄生虫通常以低密度传播。低于显微镜检测阈值的配子体密度可能足以感染蚊子，但在不同的传输settings.Methodology/主要调查结果：膜喂养实验进行了80名14岁以下的儿童在雨季结束时，在布基纳法索的季节性疟疾传播的地区。通过显微镜和基于Pfs 25的定量核酸序列扩增试验（QT-NASBA）对配子细胞进行定量。这些儿童的传染性是通过薄膜喂养实验来确定的，在实验中，静脉血样被提供给当地饲养的按蚊。显微镜检查在30.0%（24/80）的儿童中检测到配子细胞，而QT-NASBA检查为91.6%（65/71）（p < 0.001）。我们观察到QT-NASBA配子体密度与感染率之间存在强相关性（p = 0.007）。显微镜下可检测到配子体的儿童更容易感染（68.2%比亚显微镜下配子体携带者的31.7%，p = 0.001），平均感染更多的蚊子（13.2%比2.3%，p < 0.001）。然而，由于亚显微镜配子体运输在研究人群中的高患病率，亚显微镜配子体载体负责24.2%的疟疾transmission in this population.Conclusions/Significance：亚显微镜配子体运输是常见的季节性传播在布基纳法索的一个地区，并大大有助于人类传染性水库。因此，在实施旨在减少疟疾传播的干预措施时，应考虑亚显微镜下配子体的携带。
Background: Man to mosquito transmission of malaria depends on the presence of the sexual stage parasites, gametocytes, that often circulate at low densities. Gametocyte densities below the microscopical threshold of detection may be sufficient to infect mosquitoes but the importance of submicroscopical gametocyte carriage in different transmission settings is unknown.Methodology/Principal Findings: Membrane feeding experiments were carried out on 80 children below 14 years of age at the end of the wet season in an area of seasonal malaria transmission in Burkina Faso. Gametocytes were quantified by microscopy and by Pfs25-based quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay (QT-NASBA). The children's infectiousness was determined by membrane feeding experiments in which a venous blood sample was offered to locally reared Anopheles mosquitoes. Gametocytes were detected in 30.0% (24/80) of the children by microscopy compared to 91.6% (65/71) by QT-NASBA (p < 0.001). We observed a strong association between QT-NASBA gametocyte density and infection rates (p = 0.007). Children with microscopically detectable gametocytes were more likely to be infectious (68.2% compared to 31.7% of carriers of submicroscopical gametocytes, p = 0.001), and on average infected more mosquitoes (13.2% compared to 2.3%, p < 0.001). However, because of the high prevalence of submicroscopical gametocyte carriage in the study population, carriers of sub-microscopical gametocytes were responsible for 24.2% of the malaria transmission in this population.Conclusions/Significance: Submicroscopical gametocyte carriage is common in an area of seasonal transmission in Burkina Faso and contributes substantially to the human infectious reservoir. Submicroscopical gametocyte carriage should therefore be considered when implementing interventions that aim to reduce malaria transmission.