Acquired Brain Injury in Adults: A Review of Pathophysiology, Recovery, and Rehabilitation.
Acquired Brain Injury in Adults: A Review of Pathophysiology, Recovery, and Rehabilitation.
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DOI：
10.1044/2021_persp-21-00013
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发表时间：
2021-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kiran S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gilmore N;Katz DI;Kiran S
总结一系列领域的现有文献（即，神经病学、神经心理学、神经科学、神经影像学、康复、言语-语言病理学），其与患有获得性脑损伤（ABI）的个体（特别是年轻人）的认知康复计划的开发和/或修订相关。本文综述了一系列与ABI相关的主题，包括：1）损伤机制; 2）恢复的生物学、个体特异性和行为驱动因素; 3）当前的认知康复方法。然后，它缩小了对年轻人的关注，这是一个经常受影响和不断增长的人口，以维持ABI。本文最后提供：1）建议与ABI的年轻人认知康复的关键组成部分; 2）从我们自己的研究提供密集的学术为重点的认知康复与ABI追求大学的年轻人的一个例子;和3）在这一领域的未来行为和神经影像学研究的建议。ABI在美国正在上升。在过去的几十年里，年轻人一直以较高的速度维持ABI。这些伤害发生在他们本来可以推进他们的学术和职业目标的时候，这使得经常伴随ABI的认知缺陷对这个群体来说特别具有破坏性。对现有文献的回顾表明，认知康复计划，结合联合收割机方面的恢复性，全面的，和情境化的方法可以促进恢复年轻的成年人与ABI。未来的干预研究可能会受益于包括行为和神经结果，以最好地了解神经可塑性的原则-自然嵌入在许多认知康复方法中-可以被操纵，以促进认知恢复和持久的大脑重组。
To summarize existing literature from a range of fields (i.e., neurology, neuropsychology, neuroscience, neuroimaging, rehabilitation, speech-language pathology) that is relevant to the development and/or revision of cognitive rehabilitation programs for individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) and in particular, for young adults. This paper reviews a range of ABI-associated topics including: 1) mechanisms of injury; 2) biological, individual-specific, and behavioral drivers of recovery; and 3) current methods of cognitive rehabilitation. It then narrows focus to young adults, a frequently affected and growing population to sustain ABI. The paper concludes by providing: 1) suggestions for key components of cognitive rehabilitation for young adults with ABI; 2) an example from our own research providing intensive academically-focused cognitive rehabilitation for young adults with ABI pursuing college; and 3) recommendations for future behavioral and neuroimaging studies in this area. ABI is on the rise in the United States. Young adults have been sustaining ABI at higher rates over the past several decades. These injuries occur when they would otherwise be advancing their academic and career goals, making the cognitive deficits that often accompany ABI especially devastating for this group. Review of existing literature suggests cognitive rehabilitation programs that combine aspects of restorative, comprehensive, and contextualized approaches could promote recovery for young adults with ABI. Future intervention studies may benefit from including both behavioral and neural outcomes to best understand how principles of neuroplasticity— naturally embedded within many cognitive rehabilitation approaches—could be manipulated to promote cognitive recovery and long-lasting brain reorganization in this group.