Cognitive and neural bases of decision-making causing civilian casualties during intergroup conflict
Cognitive and neural bases of decision-making causing civilian casualties during intergroup conflict
复制标题
群体间冲突期间造成平民伤亡的决策的认知和神经基础
DOI：
10.1038/s41562-021-01064-1
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发表时间：
2021-03-08
影响因子：
29.9
通讯作者：
Han, Shihui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Han, Xiaochun;Zhou, Shuai;Han, Shihui
在军事袭击中发生平民伤亡。国际法禁止这种“附带损害”，但当群体间冲突升级时，这种损害就会增加，并产生重大后果。在这里，我们调查的认知和神经基础的决策过程中造成平民的伤害，使用的任务，模拟惩罚决策在群际冲突。我们在实验室环境中测试了两组中国参与者，以及以色列两个民族（犹太人和巴勒斯坦人）的成员。结果分离出两个心理结构，伤害偏好和伤害回避，这分别表征惩罚决策相关的外群体战斗人员和外群体非战斗人员在群际冲突。特别是，当冲突升级时，个人表现出减少避免伤害外群非战斗人员。脑成像（功能性磁共振成像）显示，减少伤害回避预测抑制左中额叶活动在选择的惩罚决定。我们的研究结果提供了洞察的认知和神经基础的决策，涉及平民伤害在群际confliction.During群际confliction. Decision-makers必须经常考虑他们的行动是否会伤害非战斗人员的外群成员。在这里，Han等人研究了“附带损害”场景中的认知和神经过程，揭示了当冲突升级时，对外群体平民的伤害的避免减少。
Civilian casualties occur during military attacks. Such 'collateral damage' is prohibited by international laws but increases with substantial consequences when intergroup conflict escalates. Here, we investigate cognitive and neural bases of decision-making processes resulting in civilian harm, using a task that simulates punishment decision-making during intergroup conflict. We test two groups of Chinese participants in a laboratory setting, and members of two ethnic groups (Jewish and Palestinian) in Israel. The results dissociate two psychological constructs, harm preference and harm avoidance, which respectively characterize punishment decision-making related to outgroup combatants and outgroup noncombatants during intergroup conflict. In particular, individuals show decreased avoidance of harming outgroup noncombatants when conflict escalates. Brain imaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging) reveals that decreased harm avoidance is predicted by inhibition of the left middle frontal activity during selection of punishment decisions. Our findings provide insight into the cognitive and neural bases of decision-making involving civilian harm during intergroup conflict.During intergroup conflict, decision-makers must often consider whether their actions will harm noncombatant members of the outgroup. Here, Han et al. examine cognitive and neural processes during 'collateral damage' scenarios, revealing decreased avoidance of harm to outgroup civilians when conflict escalates.