Males as infant protectors in Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) living in multimale groups -: defence pattern, paternity and sexual behaviour
Males as infant protectors in Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) living in multimale groups -: defence pattern, paternity and sexual behaviour
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s002650050629
复制
发表时间：
1999-10-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Winkler, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borries, C;Launhardt, K;Winkler, P
关于灵长类动物群居性和社会组织进化的假说既基于生态学的解释，也基于社会因素，如同种威胁（尤其是雄性杀婴行为）。这一社会解释很好地符合了在链球菌属灵长类动物中发现的情况，并进一步解释了为什么生活在单雄性群体中的类人猿灵长类动物的杀婴行为主要发生在常驻雄性（保护者）被取代时。然而，它是否同样适用于多雄性群体的情况，将取决于居住的雄性作为婴儿保护者的角色，这一点很少得到研究。我们调查了居住在尼泊尔南部Ramnagar村附近森林的野生哈努曼叶猴（Presbytis entellus）的长期资料。研究人员分析了22起亲眼目睹的男性对婴儿的袭击事件，并将其与男性居住地、父亲身份（DNA分析）和性行为联系起来。成年雄性在保护婴儿方面发挥了主要作用（65%）。只有在婴儿怀孕时的生父或居住在当地的男性被观察到保护婴儿。在雌性怀孕后移居的雄性可能会攻击她的婴儿，而且从来没有观察到它们会保护它。似乎雄性只把与可能有生育能力的雌性交配作为父权的线索，而不是与怀孕的雌性交配。根据这些结果，杀婴的风险似乎是雌性-雄性关系的一个重要决定因素，甚至在类人猿灵长类多雄性群体中也是如此。
Hypotheses about the evolution of gregariousness and social organisation in primates are based on ecological explanations as well as on social factors such as conspecific threat (especially infanticide by males). The social explanation fits well with the conditions found in strepsirrhine primates and furthermore explains why infanticide in anthropoid primates living in one-male groups mainly occurs when the resident male (protector) is replaced. However, whether it likewise fits to the conditions in multimale groups will depend on the role Of resident males as infant protectors, which has rarely been examined. We investigated long-term data of wild Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) inhabiting a forest near the village of Ramnagar (southern Nepal). Twenty-two eye-witnessed attacks on infants by males were analysed in connection with male residency, paternity (DNA analyses) and sexual behaviour. Adult males played a major role in infant defence (65%). Only the genetic father or males who had been residents when the infant was conceived were observed to protect infants. Males who immigrated after a. female had conceived may later attack her infant and were never observed to defend it. It seems that the males took only copulations with potentially fertile females but not with pregnant females as clues for paternity. In the light of these results it seems likely that the risk of infanticide is an important determinant in female-male associations even in anthropoid primate multimale groups.