Biological Response of Soybean and Cotton to Aerial Glyphosate Drift
Biological Response of Soybean and Cotton to Aerial Glyphosate Drift
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DOI：
10.1080/15427528.2011.559633
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发表时间：
2011-04
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
W. Ding;K. N. Reddy;L. Krutz;S. Thomson;Yanbo Huang;R. M. Zablotowicz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Ding;K. N. Reddy;L. Krutz;S. Thomson;Yanbo Huang;R. M. Zablotowicz
当草甘膦施用于抗草甘膦（GR）作物时，漂移到非靶标敏感作物上可能导致伤害和死亡。2009年进行了一项空中施药漂移研究，以确定草甘膦对非草甘膦抗性（non-GR）棉花（Gossypium hirsutum L.）和非GR大豆[Glycine max（L.）Merr.]。使用Air Tractor 402 B农用飞机以18.3 m的喷雾带将866 g ae/ha的草甘膦施用至处于二至三叶期的作物。视觉植物损伤，叶绿素，莽草酸，株高，和拍摄干重测定在一个，两个和三个星期后，应用（WAA）的草甘膦。作物之间的生物反应不同，作为顺风漂移距离的函数。例如，在3 WAA大豆是死的6米顺风喷雾带，而棉花持续85%的视觉伤害。在3 WAA时，在大豆下风向25.6 m和棉花下风向35.4 m以外没有观察到植物损伤。叶绿素减少是较高的（80%），大豆与棉花（43%）相比，在0米的边缘喷雾在1 WAA。莽草酸水平1大豆WAA从0 m处的1518%下降到35.4 m顺风处的209%;在同一采样时间，棉花中莽草酸水平从0 m处的464%下降到35.4 m处的0%。在35.4米的顺风，地上部干重（5 - 13%）和株高（6 - 8%）在3 WAA两种作物减少。大豆和棉花对草甘膦漂移的生物学响应随距喷幅边缘距离的增加而降低。这些生物学数据表明，大豆比棉花更容易受到草甘膦漂移的影响，莽草酸水平的升高可以作为确认植物暴露于草甘膦漂移的敏感指标。
When glyphosate is applied to glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops, drift on to off-target sensitive crops may cause injury and mortality. An aerial application drift study was conducted in 2009 to determine biological effects of glyphosate on non-glyphosate-resistant (non-GR) cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and non-GR soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Glyphosate at 866 g ae/ha was applied using an Air Tractor 402B agricultural aircraft in an 18.3 m spray swath to crops at the two- to three-leaf stage. Visual plant injury, chlorophyll, shikimate, plant height, and shoot dry weight were determined at one, two, and three weeks after application (WAA) of glyphosate. Biological responses differed between crops as a function of downwind drift distance. For example, at 3 WAA soybean was dead 6 m downwind from the spray swath, whereas cotton sustained 85% visual injury. Plant injury was not observed beyond 25.6 m downwind in soybean and 35.4 m downwind in cotton at 3 WAA. Chlorophyll reduction was higher (80%) in soybean compared with cotton (43%) at 0 m from the edge of the spray at 1 WAA. Shikimate levels 1 WAA decreased from 1518% at 0 m to 209% at 35.4 m downwind in soybean; at the same sampling time shikimate levels in cotton decreased from 464% at 0 m to 0% at 35.4 m. At 35.4 m downwind, shoot dry weight (5–13%) and plant height (6–8%) were reduced in both crops at 3 WAA. The biological response of soybean and cotton to glyphosate drift decreased with increased distance from the edge of spray swath. These biological data suggested that soybean was more susceptible to glyphosate drift than cotton and elevated shikimate level could be used as a sensitive indicator to confirm plant exposure to glyphosate drift.