The possibility of neurotoxicity in the hippocampus in major depression: A primer on neuron death
The possibility of neurotoxicity in the hippocampus in major depression: A primer on neuron death
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DOI：
10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00971-9
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发表时间：
2000-10-15
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Sapolsky, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sapolsky, RM
许多研究表明，长期的重度抑郁症与海马体积的选择性损失有关，这种损失在抑郁症消退后很长时间内仍存在。这次审查是由两个想法引发的。第一个是明显的神经元损失可能是海马体积减少的一个因素。因此，本文的前半部分回顾了当前关于海马神经元在损伤过程中如何死亡的知识，重点关注与谷氨酸和钙的运输，谷氨酸受体亚型，氧自由基的产生，程序性细胞死亡和神经元防御相关的问题。这是为了引导读者对生物学可能是潜在的任何这种情况下，神经元损失的严重抑郁症。第二种观点是糖皮质激素，即在压力下分泌的肾上腺类固醇，可能在任何这样的神经元损失中起作用。与海马萎缩相关的抑郁症亚型通常涉及糖皮质激素的显著分泌过多，并且类固醇在海马中具有多种不良作用，包括引起明显的神经元损失。本文的后半部分回顾了糖皮质激素调节海马神经元死亡的级联反应。生物精神病学2000;48：755-765（C）2000生物精神病学学会。
A number of studies indicate that prolonged major depression is associated with a selective loss of hippocampal volume that persists long after the depression has resolved. This review is prompted by two ideas. The first is that overt neuron loss may be a contributing factor to the decrease in hippocampal volume. As such, the first half of this article reviews current knowledge about how hippocampal neurons die during insults, focusing on issues related to the trafficking of glutamate and calcium, glutamate receptor subtypes, oxygen radical generation, programmed cell death, and neuronal defenses. This is meant to orient the reader toward the biology that is likely to underlie any such instances of neuron loss in major depression. The second idea is that glucocorticoids, the adrenal steroids secreted during stress, may play a contributing role to any such neuron loss. The subtypes of depression associated with the hippocampal atrophy typically involve significant hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, and the steroid has a variety of adverse effects in the hippocampus, including causing overt neuron loss. The second half of this article reviews the steps in this cascade of hippocampal neuron death that are regulated by glucocorticoids. Biol Psychiatry 2000;48:755-765 (C) 2000 Society of Biological Psychiatry.