Quasiparticles do the twist
Quasiparticles do the twist
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准粒子扭转
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Moore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Moore
量子力学本科课程中最令人难忘的一课是，相同的粒子可以有两种类型的“统计”。两个相同玻色子的交换使多粒子波函数保持不变，而两个相同费米子的交换引入了一个负号。这个负号的结果在物理学的所有领域都是深远的。此外，人们早就知道，二维系统可以有既不是玻色子也不是费米子的统计。罗伯特·劳克林（Robert Laughlin）对分数量子霍尔效应的解释引入了带有分数电荷（如e/3）的准粒子。它们被认为具有分数统计;如果你交换两个相同的准粒子，波函数会得到一个因子exp（iφ）。在更复杂的量子霍尔态中，不同的准粒子交换，由矩阵表示，并不总是交换：准粒子服从非阿贝尔统计。
One of the most memorable lessons of an undergraduate course in quantum mechanics is that identical particles can have two types of “statistics.” An exchange of two identical bosons leaves the many-particle wave function unchanged, while an exchange of two identical fermions introduces a minus sign. The consequences of this minus sign are profound in all areas of physics. Moreover, it has long been known that twodimensional systems can have statistics that are neither bosonic nor fermionic. Robert Laughlin’s explanation of the fractional quantum Hall effect introduced quasiparticles with fractional charges such as e/3. These are thought to possess fractional statistics; if you exchange two identical quasiparticles, the wave function picks up a factor exp(iφ). In more complex quantum Hall states, different quasiparticle exchanges, represented by matrices, do not always commute: the quasiparticles obey non-Abelian statistics.