Aquatic Environment and Differentiation of Vibrissae: Comparison of Sinus Hair Systems of Ringed Seal, Otter and Pole Cat
Aquatic Environment and Differentiation of Vibrissae: Comparison of Sinus Hair Systems of Ringed Seal, Otter and Pole Cat
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DOI：
10.1159/000264662
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Holopainen, I. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hyvarinen, H.;Palviainen, A.;Holopainen, I. J.
本研究调查了极猫（Mustela putorius）、欧洲水獭（Lutra lutra）和环斑海豹（Phoca hispida）的触毛系统的结构和神经支配，以寻找对水生环境的适应。与陆生鼬科动物极猫相比，环纹海豹（10 倍，水生哺乳动物）和水獭（4 倍，半水生鼬科动物）整个触毛系统深部触毛神经（DVN）的有髓神经纤维数量要多得多。同样，环斑海豹触须中神经末梢器官的数量大约是极猫的十倍。水獭头部的触须数量几乎是极猫的两倍，而且所有触须群都具有相似的结构和神经支配。然而，水獭不对称发育的腕触须比头部触须的神经支配更差，并且只有光滑的肌肉组织。在环斑海豹中，不同触毛的披针形末端器官的方向不同，表明这些触毛对不同种类的感觉功能的专门化。环斑海豹触须的结构显然是为了适应水生环境而开发的。这些包括默克尔细胞的修饰线粒体，默克尔细胞-神经突复合体通常与纤毛细胞、充满液体的囊泡或环窦水平外根鞘的基底细胞层下方的细胞间隙、长的上海绵窦和扁平的触毛珠状结构相关。由于水生哺乳动物的触须与鱼类的侧线器官具有类似的功能，因此我们建议对水生哺乳动物的触毛系统使用术语“触毛感觉”。版权所有 (C) 2009 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔
This study investigated the structure and innervation of the vibrissal systems of the pole cat (Mustela putorius), European otter (Lutra lutra) and ringed seal (Phoca hispida) in order to find adaptations to aquatic environment. The number of myelinated nerve fibers of deep vibrissal nerve (DVN) of the entire vibrissal system was considerably greater in the ringed seal (10x, aquatic mammal) and in the otter (4x, semi-aquatic mustelid) compared to the pole cat which is a terrestrial mustelid. Similarly, the number of neural end organs in the vibrissae of ringed seals was about ten times more numerous than in pole cats. The number of the vibrissae in the heads of otters was almost two times more than in pole cats, and all vibrissa groups had similar structures and innervation. The asymmetrically developed carpal vibrissae of otters were, however, more poorly innervated than the vibrissae of the head and had only smooth musculature. In the ringed seal the orientation of lanceolate end organs differed in different vibrissae, indicating the specialization of these vibrissae for different kinds of sensory functions. Ringed seal vibrissae contain structures which obviously are developed as adaptations to an aquatic environment. These include the modified mitochondria of Merkel cells, with Merkel cell-neurite complexes very often associated ciliated cells, liquid filled vesicles or intercellular spaces below the basal cell layer of the outer root sheath at the ring sinus level, a long upper cavernous sinus and a flattened beaded structure of the vibrissa hairs. As the vibrissae of aquatic mammals have analogous functions to the lateral line organ of fishes, we suggest using the term 'vibrissal sense' for the vibrissa system of aquatic mammals. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel