Development of the human penis and clitoris
Development of the human penis and clitoris
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.diff.2018.08.001
复制
发表时间：
2018-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Cunha, Gerald R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baskin, Laurence;Shen, Joel;Cunha, Gerald R.
人类的阴茎和阴蒂是由两性生殖器结节发育而来的。为了比较和对比人类阴茎和阴蒂的发育，我们使用了宏观摄影，光学投影断层扫描，光片显微镜，扫描电镜，组织学和免疫组织化学。人类生殖器结节在雄激素的影响下分化为阴茎，形成管状尿道，通过尿道板的渠化形成宽的菱形尿道沟（开口拉链），其边缘（尿道褶皱）在中线融合（闭合拉链）。相反，在女性中，在没有雄激素的影响下，前庭板（尿道板的同源物）经历管道化以形成宽的前庭沟，其边缘（前庭褶皱）保持不融合，最终形成定义阴道前庭的小阴唇。神经血管解剖学在发育中的人类阴茎和阴蒂中是相似的，并且是手术重建成功的关键。
The human penis and clitoris develop from the ambisexual genital tubercle. To compare and contrast the development of human penis and clitoris, we used macroscopic photography, optical projection tomography, light sheet microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry. The human genital tubercle differentiates into a penis under the influence of androgens forming a tubular urethra that develops by canalization of the urethral plate to form a wide diamond-shaped urethral groove (opening zipper) whose edges (urethral folds) fuse in the midline (closing zipper). In contrast, in females, without the influence of androgens, the vestibular plate (homologue of the urethral plate) undergoes canalization to form a wide vestibular groove whose edges (vestibular folds) remain unfused, ultimately forming the labia minora defining the vaginal vestibule. The neurovascular anatomy is similar in both the developing human penis and clitoris and is the key to successful surgical reconstructions.