The Evolution and Regulation of the Mucosal Immune Complexity in the Basal Chordate Amphioxus
The Evolution and Regulation of the Mucosal Immune Complexity in the Basal Chordate Amphioxus
复制标题
文昌鱼基底脊索粘膜免疫复杂性的进化与调控
DOI：
10.4049/jimmunol.1001824
复制
发表时间：
2011-02-15
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Xu, Anlong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang, Shengfeng;Wang, Xin;Xu, Anlong
文昌鱼和海胆的基因组中都编码了复杂的先天免疫基因库，但它们先天免疫系统的组成和机制以及两个系统之间的根本差异在很大程度上仍未得到探索。在这项研究中，我们解剖文昌鱼的粘膜免疫复杂性到不同的进化功能模式和监管模式，整合信息系统发育推断，全基因组数字表达谱，时程表达动态，功能分析。利用这些丰富的数据，我们重建了文昌鱼的几个主要免疫子系统，并分析了它们在粘膜感染过程中的调控。这些包括TNF/IL-1 R网络、TLR和NLR网络、补体系统、凋亡网络、氧化途径和其他效应基因（例如，肽聚糖识别蛋白、革兰氏阴性结合蛋白和几丁质结合蛋白）。我们发现，在表面上的相似性，海胆，文昌鱼先天系统，尽管保留关键的无脊椎动物成分，是更相似的脊椎动物的组成，表达调控和功能策略。例如，文昌鱼肠道粘膜组织中的主要效应器是发达的补体和氧化爆发系统，文昌鱼的信号网络似乎更强调信号转导/调节而不是启动。总之，我们认为文昌鱼和海胆的先天免疫系统在战略上是不同的，可能代表了寒武纪大爆发时代出现的许多扩展免疫系统中的两个成功案例。我们进一步认为，脊椎动物的先天免疫系统应该来自这些扩展系统之一，最有可能来自同一个由文昌鱼共享。
Both amphioxus and the sea urchin encode a complex innate immune gene repertoire in their genomes, but the composition and mechanisms of their innate immune systems, as well as the fundamental differences between two systems, remain largely unexplored. In this study, we dissect the mucosal immune complexity of amphioxus into different evolutionary-functional modes and regulatory patterns by integrating information from phylogenetic inferences, genome-wide digital expression profiles, time course expression dynamics, and functional analyses. With these rich data, we reconstruct several major immune subsystems in amphioxus and analyze their regulation during mucosal infection. These include the TNF/IL-1R network, TLR and NLR networks, complement system, apoptosis network, oxidative pathways, and other effector genes (e.g., peptidoglycan recognition proteins, Gram-negative binding proteins, and chitin-binding proteins). We show that beneath the superficial similarity to that of the sea urchin, the amphioxus innate system, despite preserving critical invertebrate components, is more similar to that of the vertebrates in terms of composition, expression regulation, and functional strategies. For example, major effectors in amphioxus gut mucous tissue are the well-developed complement and oxidative-burst systems, and the signaling network in amphioxus seems to emphasize signal transduction/modulation more than initiation. In conclusion, we suggest that the innate immune systems of amphioxus and the sea urchin are strategically different, possibly representing two successful cases among many expanded immune systems that arose at the age of the Cambrian explosion. We further suggest that the vertebrate innate immune system should be derived from one of these expanded systems, most likely from the same one that was shared by amphioxus.