Forging a paradigm shift in disaster science
Forging a paradigm shift in disaster science
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DOI：
10.1007/s11069-016-2726-x
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Paton, D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ismail-Zadeh, A. T.;Cutter, S. L.;Paton, D.
尽管在灾害风险和自然灾害造成的灾害方面的知识有了重大进展，但灾害的数量和严重程度仍在增加。将自然、工程、社会和行为科学与政策制定相结合，应能大大减少自然灾害造成的灾害风险。为此，需要从根本上改变减少灾害风险的科学方法，将目前在地球科学界占主导地位的对个别危害和风险评估的强调，转变为跨学科系统分析，并与包括决策者在内的多个利益攸关方共同开展以行动为导向的减少灾害风险研究。这一模式转变将使人们能够获得与政策相关的知识，并将其立即应用于减少灾害风险的循证政策和决策。现在比以往任何时候都更需要转变模式，因为社会越来越脆弱，越来越容易受到灾害风险的影响，而且需要在与气候变化和可持续性有关的政策和实践中采取跨领域行动。
Despite major advancements in knowledge on disaster risks and disasters caused by natural hazards, the number and severity of disasters are increasing. Convolving natural, engineering, social and behavioral sciences and practices with policymaking should significantly reduce disaster risks caused by natural hazards. To this end, a fundamental change in scientific approaches to disaster risk reduction is needed by shifting the current emphasis on individual hazard and risk assessment dominant in the geoscientific community to a transdisciplinary system analysis with action-oriented research on disaster risk reduction co-produced with multiple stakeholders, including policymakers. This paradigm shift will allow for acquisition of policy-relevant knowledge and its immediate application to evidence-based policy and decision making for disaster risk reduction. The need for the paradigm shift is more critical now than ever before because of the increasing vulnerability and exposure of society to disaster risk and the need for cross-cutting actions in policy and practice related to climate change and sustainability.