Landfills in New York City: 1844–1994
Landfills in New York City: 1844–1994
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纽约市的垃圾填埋场：1844 年–1994 年
DOI：
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Lafleur
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Walsh;R. Lafleur
我们回顾了历史地形图，以确定 1844 年至 1994 年间四个时间间隔内纽约市内建造的垃圾填埋场的位置。总共确定了 184.75 平方公里{sup 2}（45,650 英亩）的垃圾填埋场（约占研究区域的 20%）。目前尚无数据可确定大多数场地的填充物成分，但文献来源表明，至少自 1891 年以来，城市固体废物 (MSW) 一直是重要的填充物来源。观察了垃圾填埋场空间分布以及城市固体垃圾填埋场的成分和厚度的定性时间趋势。最古老的垃圾填埋场集中在早期城市中心（纽约县南部）附近，但在本世纪之交后空间分布扩大。对 10 个城市固体废弃物填埋场的钻孔记录表明，20 世纪 50 年代中期之前建造的垃圾填埋场含有丰富的灰分（煤灰在最古老的垃圾填埋场中很常见），并且相对较薄（3--7 m），没有地形隆起。此后建成的垃圾填埋场中，未燃烧的有机物丰富，厚度大大增加（16--27 m），并且观察到明显的地形隆起。本研究中确定的大多数垃圾填埋场都建在潮汐湿地上。垃圾填埋场下方的细粒湿地沉积物和靠近较大的地表水体有利于浅层地下水中城市固体废弃物填埋场渗滤液的横向输送和局部排放到地表水。历史垃圾填埋场的广泛分布和普遍使用城市固体废弃物进行填埋表明，在纽约市和其他发生过大规模历史垃圾填埋的城市地区的地下水、地表水和沉积物质量调查中应考虑这些地点。 « 更少
Historic topographic maps are reviewed to locate landfills constructed within New York City during four time intervals between 1844 and 1994. A total of 184.75 km{sup 2} (45,650 acres) of landfill are identified (approximately 20% of the study area). Data are not available to determine the fill composition at most sites but literature sources indicate that municipal solid waste (MSW) has been an important source of fill since at least 1891. Qualitative temporal trends in the spatial distribution of landfills and the composition and thickness of MSW landfills are observed. The oldest landfills are clustered in the vicinity of the early urban center (southern New York County) but expand in spatial distribution after the turn of this century. Logs of borings through 10 MSW landfills show that waste landfills built prior to the mid-1950s contain abundant ash (coal ash is common in the oldest landfills) and are relatively thin (3--7 m) with no topographic mounding. In MSW landfills built since that time, uncombusted organic matter is abundant, thicknesses increase greatly (16--27 m), and pronounced topographic mounding is observed. Most landfills identified in this study were built on tidal wetlands. Fine-grained wetland deposits underlying the landfills and close proximity to largemore » surface-water bodies favor lateral transport of leachate from MSW landfills in shallow ground water and local discharge to surface water. The wide distribution of historic landfills and common use of MSW for fill indicates that these sites should be considered in investigations of ground water, surface water, and sediment quality in New York City and other urban areas where extensive historic landfilling has occurred.« less