Heavy metal contamination of soil and vegetables in suburban areas of Varanasi, India
Heavy metal contamination of soil and vegetables in suburban areas of Varanasi, India
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.11.007
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发表时间：
2007-02-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Marshall, Fiona
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sharma, Rajesh Kumar;Agrawal, Madhoolika;Marshall, Fiona
废水灌溉造成的土壤重金属污染是一个令人严重关切的问题，因为消费受污染的农产品可能会对健康产生影响。在这项研究中，废水灌溉对甜菜（palak）重金属污染的影响进行了评估，这是一种营养丰富的叶菜，在印度城市中广泛种植和消费，特别是穷人。在印度瓦拉纳西郊区的三个主要地点进行了实地研究，这些地点按照正常做法使用经处理或未经处理的废水进行灌溉。灌溉水，土壤和可食用部分的palak（甜菜L。var所有绿色H1）在夏季和冬季每月收集，并分析了镉，铜，锌，铅，铬，锰，镍。灌溉水中的重金属低于国际建议（世卫组织）的最高允许限值为农业使用的所有重金属，但镉在所有网站。同样，土壤中重金属的平均浓度低于印度标准的所有重金属，但镉的最大值记录在1月高于标准。然而，在B的可食用部分中。在夏季，Cd浓度高于印度标准的允许值，而Pb和Ni浓度在夏季和冬季都较高。线性回归分析计算，以评估个别重金属含量之间的关系，在蔬菜样品和土壤中的结果表明，土壤中的锌有一个积极的显着关系，蔬菜污染在冬季。土壤和植物中Cd、Cu和Mn的含量仅在夏季呈显著正相关。土壤和植物污染之间存在显著的负相关关系，冬季Cr、Pb和夏季Zn、Ni的含量均显著高于夏季。本研究的结论是，使用处理过的和未经处理的废水灌溉，增加了镉，铅，镍的污染，在蔬菜的可食用部分造成潜在的健康风险，从长远来看，这种做法。该研究还指出，遵守土壤和灌溉水重金属污染标准并不能确保食品安全。(c)2006年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Heavy metal contamination of soil resulting from wastewater irrigation is a cause of serious concern due to the potential health impacts of consuming contaminated produce. In this study an assessment is made of the impact of wastewater irrigation on heavy metal contamination of Beta vulgaris (palak); this is a highly nutritious leafy vegetable that is widely cultivated and consumed in urban India, particularly by the poor. A field study was conducted at three major sites that were irrigated by either treated or untreated wastewater in the suburban areas of Varanasi, India according to normal practice. Samples of irrigation water, soil, and the edible portion of the palak (Beta vulgaris L. var All green H1) were collected monthly during the summer and winter seasons and were analyzed for Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Mn, and Ni. Heavy metals in irrigation water were below the internationally recommended (WHO) maximum permissible limits set for agricultural use for all heavy metals except Cd at all the sites. Similarly, the mean heavy metal concentrations in soil were below the Indian standards for all heavy metals, but the maximum value of Cd recorded during January was higher than the standard. However, in the edible portion of B. vulgaris, the Cd concentration was higher than the permissible limits of the Indian standard during summer, whereas Pb and Ni concentrations were higher in both summer and winter seasons. Results of linear regression analysis computed to assess the relationship between individual heavy metal concentration in the vegetable samples and in soil showed that Zn in soil had a positive significant relationship with vegetable contamination during winter. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Mn in soil and plant showed significant positive relationships only during summer. Concentration of Cr and Pb during winter season and Zn and Ni during summer season showed significant negative relationships between soil and plant contamination. The study concludes that the use of treated and untreated wastewater for irrigation has increased the contamination of Cd, Pb, and Ni in edible portion of vegetables causing potential health risk in the long term from this practice. The study also points to the fact that adherence to standards for heavy metal contamination of soil and irrigation water does not ensure safe food. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.